Dermatology
1 questionsPotato nose is seen in ?
NEET-PG 2013 - Dermatology NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 1161: Potato nose is seen in ?
- A. Acne vulgaris
- B. Rhinosporoidosis
- C. Acne rosacea (Correct Answer)
- D. Lupus vulgaris
Explanation: ***Acne rosacea*** - **Potato nose**, also known as **rhinophyma**, is a severe manifestation of **acne rosacea**, characterized by thickened, red, and bumpy skin on the nose. - This condition results from **hyperplasia of sebaceous glands** and connective tissue in the nose, leading to its characteristic bulbous appearance. *Acne vulgaris* - This common skin condition is characterized by **comedones**, **papules**, **pustules**, and sometimes cysts, primarily on the face, chest, and back. - It does **not typically cause rhinophyma** or significant thickening of nasal skin. *Rhinosporoidosis* - This is a **chronic granulomatous fungal infection** affecting mucous membranes, particularly the nose. - While it can cause nasal polyps and masses, it does **not result in the sebaceous gland hyperplasia** and thickened skin characteristic of rhinophyma. *Lupus vulgaris* - Lupus vulgaris is a chronic and progressive form of **cutaneous tuberculosis**, often affecting the face. - It presents with **reddish-brown plaques** and nodules that can ulcerate and scar but does **not lead to the specific nasal hypertrophy** seen in rhinophyma.
Internal Medicine
1 questionsLovibond profile sign is seen in ?
NEET-PG 2013 - Internal Medicine NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 1161: Lovibond profile sign is seen in ?
- A. Koilonychia (spoon nails)
- B. Platynochia (flat nails)
- C. Nail clubbing (Correct Answer)
- D. Onycholysis (separation of the nail from the nail bed)
Explanation: Nail clubbing - The Lovibond profile sign (Lovibond's angle or profile sign) is a clinical finding where the angle between the nail plate and the proximal nail fold straightens or becomes greater than 180 degrees. - This sign is a key indicator of nail clubbing, which is often associated with underlying systemic conditions such as respiratory or cardiac diseases [1]. Koilonychia (spoon nails) - Koilonychia presents as concave or spoon-shaped nails, where the nail plate is depressed centrally with everted edges [1]. - This condition is typically associated with iron deficiency anemia and does not involve an alteration of the Lovibond angle. Platynochia (flat nails) - Platynochia refers to nails that are unusually flat without the normal convex curvature. - This is a descriptive term for nail shape and is not specifically evaluated by the Lovibond profile sign. Onycholysis (separation of the nail from the nail bed) - Onycholysis is the detachment of the nail plate from the nail bed, usually starting at the distal free edge. - This condition is unrelated to the angle of the nail and the nail fold, which are assessed by the Lovibond profile sign.
Orthopaedics
5 questionsVon-Rosen's sign is positive in which of the following conditions?
What splint is used in CTEV after correction?
What is the most common structural deformity associated with transient synovitis of the hip?
Which of the following is NOT a common fracture in children?
Thurston Holland sign is seen in ?
NEET-PG 2013 - Orthopaedics NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 1161: Von-Rosen's sign is positive in which of the following conditions?
- A. Perthe's disease
- B. SCFE
- C. CTEV
- D. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)*** - **Von-Rosen's sign** is a clinical test used to detect **instability or dislocation** of the hip in newborns, a hallmark of DDH. - The test involves placing the infant **supine with hips flexed to 90 degrees**, then **externally rotating and abducting** the hips while applying gentle longitudinal traction; positive if abduction is limited to **less than 60 degrees**. *Perthe's disease* - This condition involves **avascular necrosis of the femoral head** in children, typically presenting with a limp and hip pain, not congenital instability. - Diagnosis is usually made by X-rays showing **sclerosis and fragmentation** of the femoral head, not by Von-Rosen's sign. *SCFE* - **Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)** is a condition where the femoral head epiphysis displaces from the femoral neck, common in adolescents. - Patients typically present with **hip or knee pain** and a characteristic external rotation of the affected limb, which is not detected by Von-Rosen's sign. *CTEV* - **Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV)**, or **clubfoot**, is a deformity of the foot and ankle, involving plantarflexion and inversion. - This condition affects the foot, not the hip, rendering tests for hip instability like Von-Rosen's sign irrelevant.
Question 1162: What splint is used in CTEV after correction?
- A. Bohler-Brown splint
- B. Thomas splint
- C. Dennis Brown splint (Correct Answer)
- D. None of the options
Explanation: ***Dennis Brown splint*** - The **Dennis Brown splint** is specifically designed for maintaining the correction of **clubfoot (CTEV)** in infants to prevent recurrence. - It consists of a bar connecting two shoes that hold the feet in an **external rotation** and **abduction** position. *Bohler-Brown splint* - The **Bohler-Brown splint** is primarily used for the management of **tibial shaft fractures**. - It is a **traction splint** designed to maintain alignment and length of the fractured bone. *Thomas splint* - The **Thomas splint** is typically used for **femoral shaft fractures** to provide traction and reduce muscle spasm. - It is not indicated for the long-term management of clubfoot. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect as the **Dennis Brown splint** is a well-established and a primary splint used for CTEV after correction.
Question 1163: What is the most common structural deformity associated with transient synovitis of the hip?
- A. Abduction
- B. Flexion
- C. External rotation
- D. None of the options (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***None of the options:*** - Transient synovitis of the hip is an inflammatory condition that does not inherently cause a **structural deformity** of the hip joint. - While it causes pain and limited range of motion, these are functional rather than structural changes, and the hip joint's **anatomical structure remains intact**. *Abduction* - Abduction is a **movement**, not a structural deformity. Although the hip may be held in a position of slight abduction to relieve pain, this is a postural adaptation, not a permanent structural change. - Hip abduction contractures can occur in various conditions (e.g., neuromuscular disorders) but are not characteristic of transient synovitis. *Flexion* - Similar to abduction, flexion is a **movement**, not a structural deformity. Patients with transient synovitis often hold the hip in a flexed position (along with abduction and external rotation) for comfort to minimize pressure within the joint capsule. - A fixed flexion deformity can be seen in other conditions like septic arthritis or Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, but not typically in transient synovitis. *External rotation* - External rotation is also a **movement**, not a structural deformity. Patients may adopt an externally rotated position of the leg to ease pain and reduce intracapsular pressure. - While certain conditions can cause a fixed external rotation (e.g., slipped capital femoral epiphysis), transient synovitis does not lead to this type of structural change.
Question 1164: Which of the following is NOT a common fracture in children?
- A. Supracondylar humerus
- B. Fracture of hand (Correct Answer)
- C. Radius-ulna fracture
- D. Lateral condyle humerus
Explanation: ***Fracture of hand*** - While hand fractures can occur in children, they are generally **less common** compared to fractures of the long bones, especially those of the **upper extremity**, due to the types of activities and falls children typically experience. - The small bones of the hand are often better protected or less frequently exposed to severe direct trauma in routine childhood activities that lead to fractures elsewhere. *Lateral condyle humerus* - This is a common and often challenging fracture in children, particularly affecting those aged 6-10 years. - It usually results from a fall on an **outstretched hand**, with the elbow in extension. *Supracondylar humerus* - This is one of the **most common elbow fractures** in children and is typically due to a fall on an **outstretched hand** with the elbow extended or hyperextended. - Its significance lies in the potential for neurovascular complications due to its proximity to vital structures. *Radius-ulna fracture* - **Forearm fractures** involving the radius, ulna, or both are extremely common in children, often resulting from falls onto an **outstretched hand**. - The **distal radius** is a particularly frequent site of fracture in this age group.
Question 1165: Thurston Holland sign is seen in ?
- A. Type II (Correct Answer)
- B. Type I
- C. Type III
- D. Type IV
Explanation: ***Type II*** - The **Thurston Holland sign** is characteristic of a **Salter-Harris Type II fracture**, often described as a metaphyseal fragment (the "Thurston Holland fragment") remaining attached to the epiphyseal plate. - This fragment typically occurs at the corner of the **metaphysis**, making the fracture line extend obliquely through the physis and then along the metaphysis. *Type I* - A **Salter-Harris Type I fracture** involves a clean horizontal separation through the **growth plate (physis)** without involving the metaphysis or epiphysis. - No metaphyseal fragment is seen in Type I fractures, distinguishing it from the Thurston Holland sign. *Type III* - **Salter-Harris Type III fractures** extend from the **physis into the epiphysis**, creating an intra-articular fracture involving the joint surface. - These fractures do not involve a metaphyseal fragment, as they solely affect the physis and epiphysis. *Type IV* - **Salter-Harris Type IV fractures** involve a fracture line extending through the **epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis**, effectively dividing the bone into three parts. - While complex, Type IV injuries do not specifically describe the characteristic metaphyseal fragment that defines the Thurston Holland sign.
Pathology
1 questionsAll are features of Paget's disease except which of the following?
NEET-PG 2013 - Pathology NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 1161: All are features of Paget's disease except which of the following?
- A. Defect in osteoclasts
- B. Affects only axial skeleton (Correct Answer)
- C. Can lead to hearing loss
- D. Can lead to bone cancer
Explanation: ***Affects only axial skeleton*** - This statement is **FALSE** and therefore the correct answer to this "EXCEPT" question. - Paget's disease **can affect any bone in the body**, including both axial skeleton (spine, skull, pelvis) and appendicular skeleton (femur, tibia, humerus) [1]. - Common sites include: **pelvis (70%), spine, skull, femur, and tibia** [1]. - While it frequently affects axial bones, it is **not exclusive** to them. *Defect in osteoclasts* - This is a TRUE feature of Paget's disease. - The disease is characterized by **abnormal, hyperactive osteoclasts** with increased number of nuclei (up to 100 vs normal 3-5). - These osteoclasts show **excessive bone resorption activity** followed by disorganized bone formation [1]. - The primary defect involves **increased osteoclast activity and sensitivity to RANKL**. *Can lead to hearing loss* - This is a TRUE feature of Paget's disease. - Skull involvement can lead to **compression of cranial nerve VIII** (vestibulocochlear nerve) [1]. - Enlargement and disorganization of temporal bone can cause **conductive or sensorineural hearing loss**. - Occurs in approximately 30-50% of patients with skull involvement. *Can lead to bone cancer* - This is a TRUE feature of Paget's disease. - **Osteosarcoma** develops in approximately **1%** of Paget's disease patients. - Risk is higher in patients with **polyostotic disease** and long-standing involvement. - This is a rare but serious complication with poor prognosis. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue Tumors, pp. 1192-1194.
Radiology
2 questionsRadiological sign in case of Perthes disease?
In which condition is the 'Picture frame vertebra' seen?
NEET-PG 2013 - Radiology NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 1161: Radiological sign in case of Perthes disease?
- A. Flattening of femoral head (Correct Answer)
- B. Fragmentation of femoral head epiphysis
- C. Lateral femoral head displacement
- D. Limited hip abduction
Explanation: ***Flattening of femoral head*** - **Flattening** and **fragmentation** of the femoral head are characteristic radiological findings in **early-stage** Perthes disease. - This flattening is a direct consequence of the **avascular necrosis** and subsequent **remodeling** of the femoral epiphysis. *Fragmentation of femoral head epiphysis* - While **fragmentation** is a key feature of Perthes disease, it's typically observed **after** the initial flattening and sclerosis in the avascular stage. - It represents the process of **resorption** and **revascularization** as the bone attempts to heal. *Lateral femoral head displacement* - **Lateral displacement** of the femoral head is a more common finding in conditions like **slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)**, where the epiphysis slips from the metaphysis. - In Perthes disease, the primary issue is the **necrosis and collapse** of the femoral head itself, rather than displacement from the neck. *Limited hip abduction* - **Limited hip abduction** is a clinical sign, not a radiological sign, and it is a common symptom in Perthes disease due to pain, inflammation, and deformity of the femoral head. - Radiological signs are visual abnormalities observed on imaging studies like X-rays.
Question 1162: In which condition is the 'Picture frame vertebra' seen?
- A. Paget disease (Correct Answer)
- B. Osteopetrosis (marble bone disease)
- C. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)
- D. Osteoporosis
Explanation: ***Paget disease*** - The "picture frame vertebra" sign is a classic radiographic finding in **Paget disease**, characterized by **cortical thickening** and sclerosis around the vertebral body circumference, resembling a picture frame. - This appearance is due to the disordered bone remodeling processes (increased osteoclastic bone resorption followed by disorganized osteoblastic new bone formation) characteristic of Paget disease. *Osteopetrosis (marble bone disease)* - Osteopetrosis is characterized by **increased bone density** due to defective osteoclast function, leading to bones that are dense but brittle. - It does not typically present with the specific "picture frame" appearance of individual vertebrae, but rather with diffuse sclerosis of bones. *Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)* - Ankylosing spondylitis primarily affects the **axial skeleton**, causing inflammation and eventual fusion of the vertebrae (leading to a "bamboo spine" appearance). - While it involves the spine, it does not produce the "picture frame" vertebral sign seen in Paget disease. *Osteoporosis* - Osteoporosis is characterized by **reduced bone mass** and microstructural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and fracture risk. - Radiographically, it shows **decreased bone density** and possible vertebral compression fractures, which is the opposite of the increased bone density and cortical thickening seen in the "picture frame" sign.