NEET-PG 2012 - Psychiatry Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is not a characteristic of schizoid personality disorder?

Suspicious. ***Suspicious*** - **Suspiciousness** and mistrust of others are core features of **paranoid personality disorder**, not schizoid personality disorder. - Individuals with schizoid personality disorder are typically apathetic towards others rather than actively distrustful. *Aloof & detached* - Individuals with schizoid personality disorder are characterized by a pervasive pattern of **detachment from social relationships** and a restricted range of emotional expression. - They often appear emotionally cold and indifferent to praise or criticism, indicating their aloof nature. *Prone to fantasy* - People with schizoid personality disorder frequently engage in **excessive daydreaming** and imaginative fantasy as an escape from reality. - This tendency is a coping mechanism for their limited social interaction and emotional expression. *Introspective* - Schizoid individuals tend to be **preoccupied with their inner world** and thoughts, often to the exclusion of external social interactions. - Their introspective nature contributes to their social withdrawal and isolation.

Q: Which of the following diseases has the maximum Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) loss?

Unipolar depression (Major Depressive Disorder). ***Unipolar depression (Major Depressive Disorder)*** - **Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)** is considered a leading cause of **disability worldwide**, contributing significantly to DALYs due to its high prevalence, chronicity, and disabling nature. - The long-term impact on daily functioning, productivity, and overall quality of life makes it the mental disorder with the largest burden of disease. *Schizophrenia (Mental Disorder)* - While **schizophrenia** causes severe disability and is highly impactful on individuals and society, its prevalence is lower than that of unipolar depression. - The DALY burden for schizophrenia is substantial, but **unipolar depression** affects a much larger proportion of the global population. *Bipolar depression (Bipolar Disorder)* - **Bipolar disorder (depressive episodes)** also contributes significantly to disability, but it is less prevalent than unipolar depression. - Although the depressive phases are often more severe than unipolar depression, the overall DALYs are lower due to its **comparatively lower incidence**. *Mania (Bipolar Disorder Episode)* - **Mania**, a component of bipolar disorder, can cause significant impairment during an episode but is typically **episodic** and less frequent than depressive states in bipolar disorder. - The DALYs attributed to manic episodes alone are generally lower than the overall burden of persistent depressive states found in unipolar depression.

Q: Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Alogia (poverty of speech). ***Alogia (poverty of speech)*** - **Alogia** refers to a reduction in the **fluency and productivity of speech**, which is a classic **negative symptom** of schizophrenia indicating a *loss* or *absence* of normal functions. - Negative symptoms are characterized by deficits in normal emotional responses or other thought processes. *Hallucination* - **Hallucinations** are perceptual experiences that occur in the absence of an external stimulus, most commonly **auditory** in schizophrenia. - They are considered **positive symptoms** because they represent an *addition* or *distortion* of normal functions. *Delusion* - A **delusion** is a fixed, false belief that is not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence, such as **persecutory** or **grandiose delusions**. - Delusions are also categorized as **positive symptoms** as they involve an *exaggeration* or *distortion* of normal thought content. *Motor hyperactivity* - **Motor hyperactivity** involves excessive or uncontrolled body movements and is not a typical symptom of schizophrenia. - While schizophrenia can involve **psychomotor agitation**, this is distinct from generalized hyperactivity and is not a core negative symptom.

Q: What type of therapy is desensitization commonly classified as?

Behavioral therapy. ***Behavioral therapy*** - Desensitization techniques, such as **systematic desensitization**, are a cornerstone of **behavioral therapy** due to their focus on changing learned dysfunctional responses. - This approach aims to reduce anxiety or phobic reactions by gradually exposing individuals to feared stimuli in a controlled manner. *Psychotherapy* - This is a very **broad category** that encompasses many types of talking therapies, including behavioral therapy. - While desensitization is a *type* of psychotherapy, **behavioral therapy** is a more specific and accurate classification. *Psychoanalysis* - This therapeutic approach, developed by Sigmund Freud, focuses on uncovering **unconscious conflicts** and past experiences, often through techniques like **free association** and dream analysis. - Desensitization does not primarily deal with unconscious drives or early childhood experiences as its core mechanism. *Not applicable* - This option is incorrect because desensitization is a well-established and recognized therapeutic technique that fits within a standard classification of psychotherapies. - It clearly has a defined application and theoretical framework.

Q: What does the term 'etheromania' refer to?

Ether addiction. ***Ether addiction*** - **Etheromania** specifically refers to the compulsive use and dependence on **ether** for its psychoactive effects. - This term was historically used to describe individuals who developed a significant **addiction** to ether. - The suffix "-mania" in psychiatric terminology often denotes an obsessive or compulsive behavior pattern related to a specific substance. *Acute psychosis following ether anesthesia* - While ether anesthesia can sometimes lead to transient psychomotor agitation or emergence delirium, **acute psychosis** is not the primary definition of etheromania. - Etheromania describes a long-term pattern of **addictive behavior**, not an acute post-anesthesia complication. *Excessive use of ether as an anesthetic* - This describes a medical application of ether, albeit potentially misused, but does not primarily denote the **addictive state** of the person using it. - **Etheromania** focuses on the individual's psychological and physiological dependence, not merely the quantity used for medical purposes. *Delirium tremens from ether withdrawal* - Delirium tremens is specifically associated with **alcohol withdrawal**, not ether withdrawal. - While ether withdrawal can cause symptoms, the term **etheromania** refers to the addiction itself, not withdrawal complications.

Q: Which of the following is a recognized type of anxiety disorder?

Panic Disorder. ***Panic Disorder*** - **Panic disorder** is a recognized **anxiety disorder** characterized by recurrent unexpected **panic attacks** - sudden episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms like heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, and trembling. - It involves persistent worry about having more attacks (anticipatory anxiety) and maladaptive behavioral changes to avoid situations where attacks might occur. - Classified under **Anxiety Disorders** in DSM-5 and ICD-11. *Major Depressive Disorder* - **Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)** is a **mood disorder**, not an anxiety disorder. - Characterized by persistent depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure (anhedonia), changes in appetite/sleep, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, and potential suicidal ideation. - Classified under **Depressive Disorders** in DSM-5, distinct from anxiety disorders, though anxiety symptoms may co-occur. *Bipolar Disorder* - **Bipolar disorder** is a **mood disorder**, not an anxiety disorder. - Characterized by significant mood swings including episodes of mania/hypomania (elevated, expansive, or irritable mood with increased energy) and depression. - Classified under **Bipolar and Related Disorders** in DSM-5, distinct from anxiety disorders. *Schizophrenia* - **Schizophrenia** is a **psychotic disorder**, not an anxiety disorder. - Characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, emotions, and behavior, including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and negative symptoms. - Classified under **Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders** in DSM-5, distinct from anxiety disorders.

Q: Derealization and depersonalization are symptoms of which type of disorder?

Dissociative disorder. ***Dissociative disorder*** - **Derealization** involves experiencing the outside world as unreal or dreamlike - **Depersonalization** is the experience of feeling detached from one's own body or mental processes - These are hallmark symptoms of **dissociative disorders**, specifically depersonalization-derealization disorder in DSM-5 *Personality disorders* - Characterized by enduring, maladaptive patterns of inner experience and behavior - While some personality disorders (e.g., **borderline personality disorder**) may display transient dissociative symptoms under stress, derealization and depersonalization are not core diagnostic features *Mania* - A state of abnormally elevated mood and energy, involving **racing thoughts**, **decreased need for sleep**, and **impulsive behavior** - Does not typically involve consistent derealization or depersonalization as core features *Anxiety disorders* - Depersonalization can occur transiently during **panic attacks** or severe anxiety - However, when derealization and depersonalization are the primary, persistent symptoms, they indicate a **dissociative disorder** rather than an anxiety disorder

Q: Which of the following is not associated with subcortical dementia?

Alzheimer's disease. ***Alzheimer's disease*** - Alzheimer's disease is primarily a **cortical dementia**, characterized by global cognitive decline, specifically affecting memory, language, and executive functions. - It involves the accumulation of **amyloid plaques** and **neurofibrillary tangles** predominantly in the cerebral cortex. *Parkinsonism* - Parkinsonism, particularly Parkinson's disease dementia, is a common cause of **subcortical dementia**. - It presents with prominent **motor symptoms** (bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor) along with cognitive impairment affecting executive function and attention. *Wilson's disease* - Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder leading to **copper accumulation**, which can cause significant damage to the basal ganglia and other subcortical structures. - This often results in a **subcortical dementia** characterized by motor symptoms, psychiatric disturbances, and cognitive decline. *Huntington's chorea* - Huntington's chorea is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder primarily affecting the **basal ganglia**, a key subcortical structure. - It is a classic example of **subcortical dementia**, presenting with characteristic choreiform movements, psychiatric disturbances, and cognitive impairment.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of somatization disorder?

Rejection of the sick role. ***Rejection of the sick role*** - Patients with somatization disorder (now classified under **somatic symptom disorder** in DSM-5) characteristically **embrace the sick role**, not reject it - They actively seek medical attention, present with multiple chronic physical symptoms, express significant distress, and often become preoccupied with their perceived illnesses - This adoption of the sick role is a key behavioral pattern distinguishing somatization disorder from malingering or factitious disorder *Absence of pseudo-neurological symptoms* - This is incorrect because **pseudo-neurological (conversion) symptoms** are characteristic features of somatization disorder - Examples include paralysis, blindness, seizures, sensory loss, aphonia, and loss of coordination - These symptoms resemble neurological conditions but lack organic pathology *Absence of pain symptoms* - This is incorrect because **pain symptoms** are among the most common presentations in somatization disorder - Patients typically report pain in multiple sites: headaches, back pain, joint pain, chest pain, abdominal pain - Pain complaints are often one of the primary reasons these patients seek medical care *Lack of sexual symptoms* - This is incorrect because **sexual and reproductive symptoms** are frequently reported in somatization disorder - Examples include sexual indifference, erectile dysfunction, dyspareunia, irregular menses, excessive menstrual bleeding, and vomiting throughout pregnancy - These contribute to the widespread and varied somatic complaints characteristic of the disorder

Q: What does Pica refer to?

An appetite for non-nutritive substances. ***An appetite for non-nutritive substances*** - Pica is an eating disorder characterized by a persistent and compulsive craving for and consumption of **non-nutritive, non-food substances** for at least one month. - Common ingested substances include **dirt, clay, ice, hair, paint chips, and laundry starch**, often associated with **nutritional deficiencies** like iron deficiency anemia or **developmental disabilities**. *Ice sucking* - While **pagophagia (ice craving)** is a specific form of Pica, it represents only one manifestation and not the overarching definition of the disorder. - Isolated ice sucking can sometimes be a sign of **iron deficiency anemia**. *Thumb sucking* - **Thumb sucking** is a common habit, especially in infants and young children, typically associated with self-soothing and comfort. - It is not considered an eating disorder and does not involve the consumption of non-nutritive substances. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because "An appetite for non-nutritive substances" accurately defines Pica.

Question 1

Which of the following is not a characteristic of schizoid personality disorder?

Accepted Answer

Suspicious

Answer

Prone to fantasy

Answer

Introspective

Answer

Aloof & detached

Question 2

Which of the following diseases has the maximum Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) loss?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar depression (Major Depressive Disorder)

Answer

Schizophrenia (Mental Disorder)

Answer

Bipolar depression (Bipolar Disorder)

Answer

Mania (Bipolar Disorder Episode)

Question 3

Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Alogia (poverty of speech)

Answer

Hallucination

Answer

Delusion

Answer

Motor hyperactivity

Question 4

What type of therapy is desensitization commonly classified as?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral therapy

Answer

Psychotherapy

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

Not applicable

Question 5

What does the term 'etheromania' refer to?

Accepted Answer

Ether addiction

Answer

Acute psychosis following ether anesthesia

Answer

Excessive use of ether as an anesthetic

Answer

Delirium tremens from ether withdrawal

Question 6

Which of the following is a recognized type of anxiety disorder?

Accepted Answer

Panic Disorder

Answer

Bipolar Disorder

Answer

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer

Schizophrenia

Question 7

Derealization and depersonalization are symptoms of which type of disorder?

Accepted Answer

Dissociative disorder

Answer

Personality disorders

Answer

Mania

Answer

Anxiety disorders

Question 8

Which of the following is not associated with subcortical dementia?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Wilson's disease

Answer

Huntington's chorea

Answer

Parkinsonism

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of somatization disorder?

Accepted Answer

Rejection of the sick role

Answer

Absence of pseudo neurological symptoms

Answer

Absence of pain symptoms

Answer

Lack of sexual symptoms

Question 10

What does Pica refer to?

Accepted Answer

An appetite for non-nutritive substances

Answer

Ice sucking

Answer

Thumb sucking

Answer

None of the options

NEET-PG 2012 — Psychiatry