NEET-PG 2012 - Anatomy Practice Questions

Q: Nutrient artery runs ?

Away from epiphysis. ***Away from epiphysis*** - The **nutrient artery** runs away from the **dominant (faster-growing) epiphysis** towards the non-dominant end of the bone. - This follows the classic anatomical rule: **"To the elbow, from the knee"** - nutrient arteries point towards the elbow in upper limb bones and away from the knee in lower limb bones. - The **nutrient foramen** is directed obliquely away from the more actively growing end, established during bone development. - Examples: In the humerus, it runs towards the elbow (away from proximal epiphysis); in the femur, it runs away from the knee (away from distal epiphysis). *Towards metaphysis* - While the artery does course towards the metaphyseal region of the slower-growing end, this option is less anatomically precise. - The standard teaching emphasizes the relationship with the **dominant epiphysis** rather than the metaphysis. *Away from metaphysis* - This is **incorrect** - the nutrient artery actually runs **towards** the metaphysis of the non-dominant end. - It runs **away from** the dominant epiphysis, not away from the metaphysis. *None of the options* - This is incorrect as **"Away from epiphysis"** correctly describes the direction of the nutrient artery relative to the dominant growing end.

Q: Bronchogenic sequestration is seen in which lobe?

Left lower lobe. ***Left lower lobe*** - **Bronchopulmonary sequestration**, particularly the **intralobar type**, most commonly affects the **posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe**. [1] - This congenital malformation involves a segment of lung tissue that lacks normal communication with the tracheobronchial tree and receives its blood supply from a systemic artery. [1] *Right upper lobe* - While sequestration can occur anywhere, the **right upper lobe** is a much less common location for bronchopulmonary sequestration compared to the lower lobes. - Sequestration in the upper lobes is rare and usually associated with specific anatomical variations. *Right middle lobe* - The **right middle lobe** is also an infrequent site for bronchopulmonary sequestration. - The typical presentation involves the basal segments of the lower lobes due to embryonic developmental patterns. *Left upper lobe* - **Left upper lobe** involvement in bronchopulmonary sequestration is uncommon. - The majority of cases are found in the lower lobes, especially the left lower lobe.

Q: Waldeyer's fascia lies?

Behind the rectum.. ***Behind the rectum*** - **Waldeyer’s fascia**, also known as the **sacrorectal fascia**, is a retrorectal connective tissue sheet located between the **rectum** and the **sacrum**. - It plays a crucial role in supporting the rectum and forms part of the posterior rectosacral space, separating the rectum from the sacral bone and nerves. *In front of the bladder* - The space in front of the bladder is typically referred to as the **retropubic space of Retzius**, containing loose connective tissue and fat. - No specific fascial layer named Waldeyer's fascia is located in this anterior position relative to the bladder. *Between the bladder and uterus* - This space, known as the **vesicouterine pouch** or **anterior cul-de-sac**, is a peritoneal reflection between the bladder and the uterus [1]. - It does not contain a structure known as Waldeyer's fascia. *Between the uterus and rectum* - This space is the **rectouterine pouch** or **Pouch of Douglas**, which is the deepest part of the peritoneal cavity in females [2]. - While important surgically, it does not correspond to the location of Waldeyer's fascia.

Q: Which lymph nodes are involved in the lymphatic drainage of the lateral wall of the nose?

All of the options. ***All of the options*** - The lymphatic drainage from the **lateral wall of the nose** follows a sequential pathway involving **submandibular nodes**, **retropharyngeal nodes**, and ultimately the **deep cervical nodes**. - This question tests understanding of the complete lymphatic drainage pathway, not just the primary drainage site. - All three node groups are anatomically involved in draining lymph from the lateral nasal wall. **Drainage Pathway:** - **Submandibular nodes** (Primary): The anterior and middle portions of the lateral nasal wall drain primarily to the submandibular lymph nodes. - **Retropharyngeal nodes** (Secondary): The posterior portions of the lateral wall and areas near the nasal pharynx drain to retropharyngeal nodes. - **Deep cervical nodes** (Final pathway): Lymph from both submandibular and retropharyngeal nodes eventually drains into the deep cervical chain, particularly the jugulodigastric and juguloomohyoid nodes. *Why not just one node group?* - The lateral wall of the nose has an extensive lymphatic network with multiple drainage routes. - Different regions of the lateral wall have preferential drainage to different node groups. - Understanding the complete drainage pathway is clinically important for assessing spread of infections and malignancies from the nasal cavity.

Q: In which stage of cell division is chromosomal study best carried out?

Metaphase. ***Metaphase*** - During **metaphase**, chromosomes are maximally condensed and align at the cell's equatorial plate, making them easily visible and distinguishable under a microscope. - This arrangement allows for clear visualization of **chromosome number**, **size**, and **morphology**, which is crucial for genetic analysis. *Prophase* - In **prophase**, chromosomes begin to condense, but they are still diffuse and not fully compact, making detailed study difficult. - The nuclear envelope is also still present for most of prophase, obstructing a clear view of the chromosomes. *Telophase* - During **telophase**, chromosomes decondense and arrive at opposite poles, becoming less distinct and harder to analyze individually. - New nuclear envelopes form around the separated chromosomes, further obscuring their view for detailed study. *Anaphase* - In **anaphase**, sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles, but they are in motion and not aligned, making them difficult to capture and analyze individually. - The separated chromatids are also stretched and elongated, which makes their morphological assessment challenging.

Q: What type of joint is the 1st carpometacarpal joint?

Saddle. ***Saddle*** - The **1st carpometacarpal joint** (thumb CMC joint) is a classic example of a **saddle joint** due to the reciprocal concave-convex opposing surfaces of the trapezium and the first metacarpal [1]. - This unique shape allows for a wide range of motion, including **flexion/extension**, **abduction/adduction**, and **opposition**, which is crucial for thumb function. *Pivot* - A **pivot joint** allows for rotational movement around a single axis, like the **atlantoaxial joint** (C1-C2) or the **proximal radioulnar joint**. - This type of motion is not characteristic of the 1st carpometacarpal joint. *Hinge* - A **hinge joint** permits movement in only one plane, like the **elbow** or **interphalangeal joints**, allowing for **flexion and extension**. - The 1st carpometacarpal joint has a greater degree of freedom than a hinge joint. *Ball and Socket* - A **ball and socket joint** offers the greatest range of motion, allowing for movement in all planes, including **circumduction and rotation**, such as the **shoulder** and **hip joints**. - While the 1st carpometacarpal joint is highly mobile, it does not achieve the full range of motion of a ball and socket joint.

Q: All of the following arteries are branches of the coeliac trunk, EXCEPT which one?

Right gastric artery. ***Right gastric artery*** - The **right gastric artery** typically originates from the **proper hepatic artery**, which is a branch of the common hepatic artery. - Therefore, it is not a direct branch of the coeliac trunk itself. *Left gastric artery* - The **left gastric artery** is one of the three main direct branches of the **coeliac trunk**. - It supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach and the abdominal esophagus. *Splenic artery* - The **splenic artery** is another major direct branch of the **coeliac trunk**. - It supplies the spleen, pancreas, and parts of the stomach via various branches. *Common hepatic artery* - The **common hepatic artery** is the third main direct branch of the **coeliac trunk**. - It gives rise to the proper hepatic artery and the gastroduodenal artery, supplying the liver, gallbladder, pylorus, and duodenum.

Q: Which is derived from Wolffian duct?

Appendix of epididymis. The **appendix of the epididymis** is a vestigial structure directly derived from the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct in males. It is an embryological remnant of this duct, located at the head of the epididymis. *Appendix of the testis* - The **appendix of the testis** (hydatid of Morgagni) is a remnant of the paramesonephric (Müllerian) duct, not the Wolffian duct. - It is usually found on the upper pole of the testis, typically near the epididymis. *Uterine structure* - **Uterine structures** (uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper vagina) are derived from the paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts in females [1]. - The Wolffian ducts largely regress in females due to the absence of testosterone. *Hydatid of Morgagni* - The term **hydatid of Morgagni** can refer to the appendix of the testis (Müllerian duct remnant) or, less commonly, to the appendix of the epididymis (Wolffian duct remnant). - However, in common clinical and anatomical usage, it almost exclusively refers to the **appendix of the testis**, which is a Müllerian duct derivative.

Q: Which structure(s) passes behind the inguinal ligament:

All of the options. ***Correct: All of the options*** All three structures pass deep to (behind) the inguinal ligament as they transition from the pelvis/abdomen into the thigh [1]. The inguinal ligament forms the superior border of the femoral triangle [1]. ***Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve (Correct)*** - Pierces the **psoas major** muscle and descends along its anterior surface - Passes through the **lacuna musculorum** (lateral compartment) deep to the inguinal ligament - Lies **lateral to the femoral artery** - Provides sensory innervation to the skin over the femoral triangle ***Femoral vein (Correct)*** - Continuation of the popliteal vein from the lower limb - Passes through the **lacuna vasorum** (medial compartment/femoral canal) within the **femoral sheath** - Located **medial to the femoral artery** behind the inguinal ligament [1] - Carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart via the external iliac vein ***Psoas major (Correct)*** - Major hip flexor muscle originating from lumbar vertebrae (T12-L5) - Passes through the **lacuna musculorum** deep to the inguinal ligament - Located **lateral to the femoral vessels** - Combines with iliacus to form iliopsoas, inserting on the lesser trochanter of femur

Question 1

Nutrient artery runs ?

Accepted Answer

Away from epiphysis

Answer

Towards metaphysis

Answer

None of the options

Answer

Away from metaphysis

Question 2

Bronchogenic sequestration is seen in which lobe?

Accepted Answer

Left lower lobe

Answer

Right upper lobe

Answer

Left upper lobe

Answer

Right middle lobe

Question 3

Waldeyer's fascia lies?

Accepted Answer

Behind the rectum.

Answer

In front of the bladder.

Answer

Between the bladder and uterus.

Answer

Between the uterus and rectum.

Question 4

Which lymph nodes are involved in the lymphatic drainage of the lateral wall of the nose?

Accepted Answer

All of the options

Answer

Deep cervical nodes

Answer

Retropharyngeal nodes

Answer

Submandibular nodes

Question 5

In which stage of cell division is chromosomal study best carried out?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Telophase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Prophase

Question 6

What are the main types of cells found in the cerebellar cortex?

Accepted Answer

Purkinje cells, granule cells, and molecular layer interneurons

Answer

Glomus cells

Answer

Principal cells

Answer

Intercalated cells

Question 7

What type of joint is the 1st carpometacarpal joint?

Accepted Answer

Saddle

Answer

Pivot

Answer

Hinge

Answer

Ball and Socket

Question 8

All of the following arteries are branches of the coeliac trunk, EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

Right gastric artery

Answer

Splenic artery

Answer

Left gastric artery

Answer

Common hepatic artery

Question 9

Which is derived from Wolffian duct?

Accepted Answer

Appendix of epididymis

Answer

Appendix of the testis

Answer

Uterine structure

Answer

Hydatid of Morgagni

Question 10

Which structure(s) passes behind the inguinal ligament:

Accepted Answer

All of the options

Answer

Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

Answer

Femoral vein

Answer

Psoas major

NEET-PG 2012 — Anatomy