NEET-PG 2013 - Psychiatry Practice Questions

Q: All of the following are true about phobias, except:

Generalized anxiety. ***Generalized anxiety*** - Phobias are characterized by intense fear of a **specific object or situation**, not diffuse, generalized anxiety. - While phobias can lead to anxiety, it is tightly linked to the **phobic stimulus** rather than being free-floating and generalized. *Avoiding particular situation* - **Avoidance behavior** is a hallmark symptom of phobias, as individuals try to steer clear of the feared object or situation. - This avoidance helps reduce immediate anxiety but reinforces the phobia in the long term. *Fear and anxiety of specific thing* - The core feature of a phobia is an intense and **unreasonable fear or anxiety** triggered by a specific object, situation, or stimulus. - This fear is disproportionate to the actual danger posed by the feared entity. *Insight is present* - Individuals with phobias generally **recognize that their fear is excessive** or unreasonable, even if they cannot control it. - This insight distinguishes phobias from psychotic disorders where an individual may not recognize the irrationality of their fears.

Q: Kleine-Levin syndrome is associated with:

Hypersomnia. ***Hypersomnia*** - **Kleine-Levin syndrome** is characterized by recurrent episodes of **hypersomnia**, meaning excessive sleepiness. - Patients can sleep for 16 to 20 hours a day during these episodes, which may last for days or weeks. *Depression* - While mood disturbances can occur, **Kleine-Levin syndrome** primarily involves sleep and behavioral changes, not core symptoms of **depression**. - **Depression** is typically characterized by persistent low mood, anhedonia, and other symptoms, rather than episodic hypersomnia alone. *Anxiety* - **Anxiety** is not a primary symptom or defining characteristic of **Kleine-Levin syndrome**. - Patients may experience frustration or irritability due to their condition, but generalized anxiety is not a core feature. *Chronic insomnia* - **Chronic insomnia**, which is difficulty falling or staying asleep, is actually the opposite of the key symptom in **Kleine-Levin syndrome**. - The hallmark of Kleine-Levin syndrome is **excessive sleepiness (hypersomnia)**, not difficulty sleeping.

Q: In which therapeutic approach do both the patient and psychotherapist actively participate?

Psychodynamic psychotherapy. ***Psychodynamic psychotherapy*** - This approach involves **active, collaborative participation** from both the patient and the therapist in exploring emotional conflicts and interpersonal patterns. - The therapy is conducted **face-to-face** with bidirectional dialogue, where both parties actively engage in the therapeutic process. - The therapist takes an **active role** in questioning, clarifying, and interpreting, while the patient actively participates in discussions about their experiences. *Psychoanalytic psychotherapy* - This is also an **interactive approach** where both patient and therapist actively participate, distinguishing it from classical psychoanalysis. - It involves **face-to-face sessions** with active dialogue and collaboration between patient and therapist. - **Note:** In modern practice, the distinction between psychodynamic and psychoanalytic psychotherapy has become blurred, and both involve active participation. *Psychoanalysis* - This is the **classical Freudian approach** where the patient lies on a couch and free associates, with the analyst maintaining a position of **neutrality and anonymity**. - The analyst offers **infrequent interpretations** and maintains minimal interaction, making it less actively collaborative compared to psychodynamic/psychoanalytic psychotherapy. - This represents the **least interactive** of the psychoanalytically-oriented therapies. *All of the options* - While psychodynamic and psychoanalytic psychotherapy both involve active participation, **classical psychoanalysis** does not emphasize active bidirectional collaboration in the same way. - The key distinction is that psychoanalysis maintains therapist neutrality with minimal active engagement, whereas psychodynamic psychotherapy specifically emphasizes **mutual, active participation** in the therapeutic process.

Q: Most common type of intellectual disability –

Mild. ***Mild*** - **Mild intellectual disability** is the most prevalent type, accounting for approximately **85%** of all cases. - Individuals with mild intellectual disability can often achieve academic skills up to a **sixth-grade level** and live relatively independently with appropriate support. *Severe* - **Severe intellectual disability** is less common, affecting about **3-4%** of individuals with intellectual disability. - These individuals typically require **daily supervision** and support in structured environments. *Profound* - **Profound intellectual disability** is the least common type, affecting only **1-2%** of individuals with intellectual disability. - Individuals with profound intellectual disability require **intensive support** for all aspects of daily living and often have significant physical impairments. *Moderate* - **Moderate intellectual disability** accounts for about **10%** of all cases. - Individuals with moderate intellectual disability can often develop communication skills and manage basic self-care, but require **ongoing supervision** and support.

Q: Pagophagia involves eating

Ice. ***Ice*** - **Pagophagia** is a specific form of **pica**, characterized by a compulsive desire to consume **ice**, ice chips, or iced drinks. - It is often associated with **iron-deficiency anemia**, though the exact mechanism for this craving is unclear. *Sand* - The compulsive consumption of **sand** is known as **geophagy**, which is another form of pica. - This behavior is distinct from pagophagia and is not specifically linked to ice consumption. *Salt* - An excessive craving for **salt**, while sometimes indicative of an underlying condition (e.g., adrenal insufficiency), is not referred to as pagophagia. - **Pagophagia** specifically refers to the consumption of ice. *Clay* - The ingestion of **clay** is a specific type of **geophagy**, similar to eating sand. - It is a different form of pica and does not describe the selective craving for and consumption of ice.

Q: True about delirium is all Except:

Preserved attention. ***Preserved attention*** - A key feature of **delirium** is a **disturbance in attention**, making it difficult to focus, sustain, or shift attention. - Therefore, **preserved attention** is inconsistent with a diagnosis of delirium. *Hallucination* - **Hallucinations**, particularly visual, are common in delirium and often contribute to the patient's distress and altered perception of reality. - They tend to be vivid, fleeting, and can be frightening. *Disturbed sleep* - **Sleep-wake cycle disturbances** are a hallmark of delirium, often manifesting as insomnia, daytime sleepiness, or a disrupted, fragmented sleep pattern. - This disturbance is part of the global alteration in brain activity. *Disorientation* - **Disorientation**, especially to time, place, and sometimes person, is a frequent symptom of delirium, reflecting the patient's impaired cognitive function. - It indicates a significant impairment in awareness of one's surroundings.

Q: All are true about delirium tremens, except:

Normal sleep-wake cycle. ***Normal sleep wake cycle*** - Delirium tremens is characterized by a **disrupted sleep-wake cycle**, often with **insomnia** and **nocturnal exacerbation** of symptoms, making a normal sleep-wake cycle an incorrect statement. - The brain's regulatory mechanisms for sleep are significantly impaired due to the withdrawal of alcohol's suppressive effects. *Clouding of consciousness* - **Clouding of consciousness** is a hallmark feature of delirium tremens, representing a reduced awareness of the environment and impaired attention. - Patients often present with **disorientation** regarding time, place, and person. *Visual hallucinations* - **Visual hallucinations** are very common in delirium tremens, often described as vivid, frightening, and involving small animals or insects. - These hallucinations contribute to the patient's **agitation** and fear. *Coarse tremors* - **Coarse tremors**, particularly of the hands and face, are a classic physical sign of alcohol withdrawal and an integral part of delirium tremens. - These tremors are due to the **overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system** as the inhibitory effects of alcohol wear off.

Question 1

All of the following are true about phobias, except:

Accepted Answer

Generalized anxiety

Answer

Avoiding particular situation

Answer

Fear and anxiety of specific thing

Answer

Insight is present

Question 2

Kleine-Levin syndrome is associated with:

Accepted Answer

Hypersomnia

Answer

Depression

Answer

Anxiety

Answer

Chronic insomnia

Question 3

In which therapeutic approach do both the patient and psychotherapist actively participate?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

Answer

Psychoanalytic psychotherapy

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

All of the options

Question 4

Most common type of intellectual disability –

Accepted Answer

Mild

Answer

Severe

Answer

Profound

Answer

Moderate

Question 5

Pagophagia involves eating

Accepted Answer

Ice

Answer

Sand

Answer

Salt

Answer

Clay

Question 6

True about delirium is all Except:

Accepted Answer

Preserved attention

Answer

Hallucination

Answer

Disturbed sleep

Answer

Disorientation

Question 7

All are true about delirium tremens, except:

Accepted Answer

Normal sleep-wake cycle

Answer

Clouding of consciousness

Answer

Visual hallucinations

Answer

Coarse tremors

NEET-PG 2013 — Psychiatry