NEET-PG 2013 Practice Questions

Q: What is the anatomical relation of the upper lacrimal punctum with respect to the lower punctum?

Superior. ***Superior*** - The **upper lacrimal punctum** is located slightly **superior** to the lower lacrimal punctum, which is the predominant anatomical relationship. - Additionally, the upper punctum is positioned slightly **lateral** (approximately 0.5-1mm) to the lower punctum, though the superior relationship is more clinically significant. - This arrangement facilitates efficient tear drainage into the lacrimal canaliculi and ultimately to the nasolacrimal duct. *Lateral* - While there is a slight **lateral offset** between the upper and lower puncta, this is not the primary or most significant anatomical relationship. - The **superior-inferior relationship** is the dominant spatial arrangement and is more relevant for clinical examination and cannulation procedures. *No relation* - The upper and lower lacrimal puncta have a precise anatomical relationship as paired openings into the **lacrimal canaliculi**. - They work together as part of the tear drainage system, positioned at the medial aspects of their respective eyelid margins. *Apposed* - The term **apposed** means being in direct contact or immediately adjacent, which does not describe the relationship between the puncta. - They are separated by the medial canthal area and located on different eyelid margins (upper vs. lower), not in direct apposition.

Q: Which of the following is a Category A bioterrorism agent?

Anthrax. ***Anthrax*** - **Anthrax**, caused by *Bacillus anthracis*, is classified as a **Category A** bioterrorism agent due to its high mortality rate, ease of dissemination, and potential for major public health impact. - It can manifest as cutaneous, inhalational, gastrointestinal, or injectional forms, with **inhalational anthrax** being the most lethal. *Brucella* - **Brucella** species cause brucellosis, which is classified as a **Category B** bioterrorism agent. - While it can be debilitating, it generally has a lower mortality rate and less public health impact than Category A agents. *Q fever* - **Q fever**, caused by *Coxiella burnetii*, is another **Category B** bioterrorism agent. - It causes a flu-like illness and can have chronic complications but is not as severe or easily disseminated as Category A agents. *Typhus fever* - **Typhus fever**, caused by *Rickettsia prowazekii* (epidemic typhus) or *Rickettsia typhi* (murine typhus), is a **Category B** bioterrorism agent. - It can cause severe illness but is not among the highest-priority agents like anthrax, smallpox, or botulism.

Q: Vertebral compression fracture with intact posterior cortex (hinge fracture pattern) is most commonly seen in:

Basilar skull fracture. ***Basilar skull fracture*** - A vertebral compression fracture with an intact posterior cortex (hinge fracture pattern) describes a specific type of injury seen in the **vertebrae**. While the question implicitly refers to the spine, among the given options, **basilar skull fracture** is the most commonly associated with such a fracture pattern in the context of high-energy trauma affecting the spine and skull base. - This pattern implies that the posterior elements of the vertebra remain intact, acting as a hinge, preventing neurological compromise despite significant anterior compression. *Wrist* - Fractures of the wrist, such as **Colles'** or **Smith's fractures**, are typically seen in falls onto an outstretched hand and do not involve a vertebral compression or hinge fracture pattern. - Wrist fractures involve the distal radius and ulna, not the vertebral column. *Mandible* - **Mandibular fractures** are common facial bone fractures usually resulting from direct trauma to the jaw. - They involve the jawbone and do not present with a vertebral compression or hinge fracture pattern. *C1 vertebra fracture* - A C1 (atlas) vertebra fracture, such as a **Jefferson fracture**, is a burst fracture of the ring of C1. - While it's a vertebral fracture, it typically involves fractures through the anterior and/or posterior arches of C1, distinguishing it from the described simple compression (hinge) pattern seen in a typical vertebral body.

Q: Weber-Ferguson approach is used for?

Maxillectomy. ***Maxillectomy*** - The **Weber-Ferguson approach**, also known as the **lateral rhinotomy approach**, is a standard surgical incision used to access the midface, particularly for procedures involving the maxilla. - It provides excellent exposure for **maxillectomy**, which is the surgical removal of part or all of the maxilla, often performed for tumors of the maxillary sinus or hard palate. *Mastoidectomy* - This procedure involves the surgical removal of diseased mastoid air cells, typically performed for chronic otitis media or cholesteatoma. - The surgical approaches for mastoidectomy usually involve incisions behind the ear (**postauricular** or **endaural**), not the Weber-Ferguson incision. *Myringoplasty* - Myringoplasty is a surgical repair of a perforated eardrum (tympanic membrane). - This procedure is typically performed through the ear canal (**transcanal approach**) or a small incision behind the ear, and does not require a large facial incision like the Weber-Ferguson. *Mandibulectomy* - Mandibulectomy involves the surgical removal of part or all of the mandible (jawbone), often for malignant tumors. - Approaches for mandibulectomy typically involve **transoral**, **submandibular**, or **lip-splitting incisions**, which are distinct from the Weber-Ferguson approach and designed for lower facial access.

Q: Magistrate inquest is done in?

Death in psychiatry hospital. ***Death in psychiatry hospital*** - A **magistrate inquest** is **mandatory** under Section 176 CrPC for deaths occurring in **psychiatric hospitals/institutions**, as these are considered deaths in **state custody** or institutional care. - This ensures **judicial oversight** and independent investigation into the cause and circumstances of death of vulnerable individuals under institutional care. - Among all the options, this is the **most specific and universally mandated** scenario requiring magistrate inquest across all jurisdictions in India. *Death by suicide* - While suicide deaths are unnatural and often require magistrate inquest under Section 176 CrPC, the requirement varies by state and circumstances. - In practice, many suicide deaths may initially be investigated by police with magistrate involvement based on specific circumstances or state protocols. - Not as universally mandated as deaths in custody/institutions. *Death in suspicious circumstances* - Deaths in suspicious circumstances typically require investigation, but the type of inquest (police vs magistrate) depends on the specific nature and severity of suspicion. - While magistrate inquest may be ordered, it is not as automatically mandated as deaths in institutional custody. - The investigating authority determines if magistrate involvement is necessary. *Death by accident* - Accidental deaths may require magistrate inquest depending on the circumstances (e.g., railway accidents, factory accidents). - However, not all accidental deaths automatically mandate magistrate inquest. - Deaths in custody or institutional care have **absolute mandatory** requirement, making psychiatric hospital death the most appropriate answer.

Q: Lattes' crust test of blood stain is used to detect -

Detection of species. ***Detection species*** - **Lattes crust test** is a method used in forensic serology to determine the **species origin of a blood stain**. - It involves overlaying a crust of dried blood with **anti-sera** from different animal species to observe for agglutination, indicating a reaction and thus the species. *Nature of stain* - The **nature of the stain** typically refers to whether it is blood, semen, saliva, etc., which is usually determined through preliminary presumptive tests like the **Kastle-Meyer test** for blood. - The **Lattes crust test** specifically aims to identify the species from which the blood originated, not its general nature. *Blood group* - **Blood grouping tests** are designed to determine the ABO, Rh, or other blood types within a single species, typically humans. - While important in forensic investigations, these tests are distinct from the **Lattes crust test**, which focuses on **species identification**. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because the **Lattes crust test** is indeed used for the **detection of species**, making option B the correct answer. - The test has a specific purpose in forensic analysis related to species identification.

Q: True about Ebstein anomaly is ?

Right atrial dilatation. Right atrial dilatation - Ebstein anomaly is characterized by the **apical displacement** of the tricuspid valve leaflets, which incorporates a portion of the right ventricle into the right atrium, functionally increasing its size. - This **atrialization of the right ventricle** leads to significant **right atrial dilatation** as it has to handle a larger volume [1]. *Right ventricular dilatation* - While there is a functional impairment of the right ventricle due to the displaced tricuspid valve, the **working part of the right ventricle** is often small and hypoplastic, not dilated. - The "atrialized" part of the right ventricle contributes to **right atrial dilatation**, not ventricular dilatation [1]. *Left atrial dilatation* - Ebstein anomaly primarily affects the **right side of the heart**, specifically the **tricuspid valve** and right ventricle. - There is no direct anatomical or physiological mechanism in Ebstein anomaly that would typically cause **left atrial dilatation**. *Left ventricular dilatation* - Similar to left atrial dilatation, Ebstein anomaly is a **right-sided heart defect**. - **Left ventricular morphology and function** are generally preserved in Ebstein anomaly, and dilatation is not a characteristic feature.

Q: Uterine rupture is most common in -

Anterior lower segment. ***Anterior lower segment*** - The **anterior lower segment** is the most common site for **uterine rupture** due to prior **cesarean sections** or other uterine surgeries which are often performed anteriorly. - This area is thinner and more prone to stretching and tearing during labor, especially in cases of repeated surgical scars. *Posterior lower segment* - While rupture can occur in the **posterior lower segment**, it is less common than the anterior location. - This area is usually less stressed by previous surgical incisions compared to the anterior wall. *Upper uterine segment* - Rupture in the **upper uterine segment** typically involves an **unscarred uterus** and is a rare event, often associated with a **grand multiparous patient** or **oxytocin hyperstimulation**. - This type of rupture is usually spontaneous and more catastrophic due to the rich vascularity of the upper segment. *Lateral uterine wall* - Rupture of the **lateral uterine wall** is uncommon and usually associated with **trauma** or **manual extraction of the placenta**, rather than prior surgical scars. - It is not the most frequent site for spontaneous or scar-related uterine rupture.

Q: Most common type of scleritis is

Anterior. ***Anterior*** - **Anterior scleritis** accounts for approximately **98%** of all scleritis cases, making it the most common type. - It involves inflammation of the sclera anterior to the **equator of the globe**, visible on external examination. - Anterior scleritis is further subdivided into **diffuse, nodular,** and **necrotizing** forms based on clinical presentation and severity. *Diffuse anterior* - **Diffuse anterior scleritis** is the most common subtype of anterior scleritis, characterized by widespread inflammation. - While common among anterior types, it represents a subset rather than the overall most common anatomical category. *Nodular anterior* - **Nodular anterior scleritis** presents with discrete nodules of inflamed scleral tissue. - It is less common than diffuse anterior scleritis but more common than necrotizing forms. *Posterior* - **Posterior scleritis** is rare, accounting for only about **2%** of all scleritis cases. - It involves inflammation posterior to the **equator of the globe** and can be difficult to diagnose due to its hidden location, often presenting with pain, proptosis, and vision loss.

Q: Normal prevertebral soft tissue thickness in adults at C3 level is

7 mm. ***7 mm*** * The normal prevertebral soft tissue thickness in adults at the **C3 level** is approximately **7 mm** (upper limit 5-7 mm) on a lateral cervical spine radiograph. * The **C1-C4 levels** have relatively thin prevertebral soft tissue as they lie above the hypopharynx and esophagus. * Exceeding this measurement can indicate **prevertebral hematoma, edema, abscess**, or other pathologies such as retropharyngeal abscess or cervical spine fracture with soft tissue swelling. *Incorrect: 15 mm* * A measurement of 15 mm at the **C3 level** would be considered **abnormal** and indicates prevertebral soft tissue swelling. * This value exceeds the normal limit by more than double and warrants further investigation. *Incorrect: 22 mm* * A measurement of 22 mm at the **C3 level** is significantly **abnormal** and highly suggestive of serious pathology such as retropharyngeal hematoma, abscess, or cervical spine injury. * Note that 22 mm may be within normal limits at the **C6-C7 level** where the esophagus widens the prevertebral space. *Incorrect: 30 mm* * 30 mm is severely abnormal at the **C3 level**. * While prevertebral soft tissue thickness can be greater at lower cervical levels (C5-C7) due to the esophagus, even at those levels 30 mm would suggest pathology. * Such measurements indicate significant conditions like large hematoma, abscess, or tumor.

Question 1

What is the anatomical relation of the upper lacrimal punctum with respect to the lower punctum?

Accepted Answer

Superior

Answer

Lateral

Answer

No relation

Answer

Apposed

Question 2

Which of the following is a Category A bioterrorism agent?

Accepted Answer

Anthrax

Answer

Brucella

Answer

Q fever

Answer

Typhus fever

Question 3

Vertebral compression fracture with intact posterior cortex (hinge fracture pattern) is most commonly seen in:

Accepted Answer

Basilar skull fracture

Answer

Wrist

Answer

Mandible

Answer

C1 vertebra fracture

Question 4

Weber-Ferguson approach is used for?

Accepted Answer

Maxillectomy

Answer

Mastoidectomy

Answer

Myringoplasty

Answer

Mandibulectomy

Question 5

Magistrate inquest is done in?

Accepted Answer

Death in psychiatry hospital

Answer

Death by suicide

Answer

Death in suspicious circumstances

Answer

Death by accident

Question 6

Lattes' crust test of blood stain is used to detect -

Accepted Answer

Detection of species

Answer

Nature of stain

Answer

Blood group

Answer

None of the options

Question 7

True about Ebstein anomaly is ?

Accepted Answer

Right atrial dilatation

Answer

Right ventricular dilatation

Answer

Left atrial dilatation

Answer

Left ventricular dilatation

Question 8

Uterine rupture is most common in -

Accepted Answer

Anterior lower segment

Answer

Posterior lower segment

Answer

Upper uterine segment

Answer

Lateral uterine wall

Question 9

Most common type of scleritis is

Accepted Answer

Answer

Diffuse anterior

Answer

Nodular anterior

Answer

Posterior

Question 10

Normal prevertebral soft tissue thickness in adults at C3 level is

Accepted Answer

7 mm

Answer

15 mm

Answer

22 mm

Answer

30 mm

NEET-PG 2013

Anatomy

Community Medicine

Dental

ENT

Forensic Medicine

Internal Medicine

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Ophthalmology

Radiology