NEET-PG 2013 - Forensic Medicine Practice Questions

Q: Medical etiquette is related to:

Courtesy observed between doctors. ***Courtesy observed between doctors*** - **Medical etiquette** refers to the code of conduct and conventional rules governing **professional courtesy and behavior between medical practitioners**. - It encompasses the proper way doctors should interact with their **professional colleagues**, including referral practices, respecting each other's patients, and maintaining professional dignity. - This is the classical and specific definition of medical etiquette as taught in forensic medicine and medical jurisprudence. *Professional guidelines for doctors* - This term is **too broad and vague** as it could encompass ethics, etiquette, legal obligations, and clinical protocols. - While etiquette is part of professional conduct, this option lacks the specificity that defines medical etiquette as **interpersonal courtesy among doctors**. *Legal obligations of doctors* - These relate to **medical jurisprudence** and include legally binding duties like maintaining confidentiality, obtaining informed consent, and following medicolegal procedures. - Legal obligations are enforced by law, whereas etiquette deals with **conventional professional courtesy**, not legal mandates. *Ethical principles guiding doctors* - **Medical ethics** encompasses broader moral principles like beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice. - Ethics provides the philosophical and moral framework for medical practice, while etiquette is specifically about **conventional rules of professional behavior and courtesy** between doctors.

Q: Foamy liver is seen in:

Putrefaction. ***Putrefaction*** - **Foamy liver** is a characteristic post-mortem finding in **putrefaction**, the process of post-mortem decomposition of body tissues. - **Gas-forming bacteria** (especially Clostridium species) produce gases like **hydrogen sulfide, methane, and carbon dioxide** that accumulate within the liver parenchyma. - This creates multiple **gas bubbles** throughout the liver tissue, giving it a characteristic **frothy or foamy appearance** on sectioning. - This is part of the broader putrefactive changes that include gas accumulation in blood vessels (marbling), body cavities, and soft tissues. *Arsenic poisoning* - Acute arsenic poisoning causes **fatty degeneration of the liver**, congestion, and characteristic gastrointestinal findings. - Post-mortem findings include **"rice water" stools**, gastroenteritis, and hepatic congestion, but NOT the foamy liver appearance. - The liver may show fatty changes and cellular necrosis, but gas bubble formation is not a characteristic feature. *Electrocution* - **Electrocution** causes death primarily through cardiac arrest or respiratory paralysis. - Post-mortem findings include **thermal burns** at entry and exit points, Joule burns, and sometimes arborescent markings. - It does not cause foamy liver; tissue changes are related to current passage and thermal effects. *Hanging* - **Hanging** results in **asphyxial death** with characteristic findings of mechanical asphyxia. - Typical findings include **ligature mark**, petechial hemorrhages, facial congestion, and cyanosis. - Does not cause foamy liver, as gas production within hepatic tissue is not a consequence of mechanical asphyxia.

Q: Cause of death for drowning in cold water:

Inability to breathe (asphyxia). ***Inability to breathe (asphyxia)*** - Drowning fundamentally involves **inhalation of water** into the airway, which prevents gas exchange in the lungs, leading to **asphyxia**. - In cold water, the initial gasp reflex can lead to rapid aspiration of water, causing immediate **laryngospasm** and closure of the airway, resulting in inability to breathe. - Asphyxia remains the **most common mechanism** across all types of drowning, including cold water cases. *Loss of consciousness due to hypoxia* - While **hypoxia** certainly occurs in drowning due to lack of gas exchange, loss of consciousness is a *consequence* of prolonged asphyxia, not the primary cause of death. - The immediate cause of death is the inability to oxygenate the blood due to water filling the lungs or severe laryngospasm. *Cardiac arrest due to vagal inhibition* - **Vagal inhibition** (also called **hydrocution** or **immersion syndrome**) is an important mechanism specifically in **cold water drowning**. - Sudden immersion in cold water can trigger massive vagal stimulation leading to immediate cardiac arrest (often asystole) before significant water aspiration occurs. - However, this mechanism occurs in a **minority of cold water drowning cases**, while asphyxia remains the predominant cause of death overall. *Cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation* - **Ventricular fibrillation** can be a terminal event in drowning, often secondary to severe hypoxia and hypothermia, but it is usually not the initial or primary cause of death. - The cessation of breathing and subsequent lack of oxygen directly lead to organ failure, including cardiac dysrhythmias, rather than ventricular fibrillation being the independent initial event.

Q: Burking includes:

Chest compression and airway obstruction. ***Chest compression and airway obstruction*** - Burking is a **homicidal method** of suffocation that involves **covering the mouth and nose** (airway obstruction) combined with **compressing the chest or abdomen** to prevent breathing. - Named after **William Burke**, this technique was used to kill victims without leaving obvious signs of violence, making deaths appear natural. *Ligature strangulation* - Involves using a **cord, rope, or similar object** around the neck to compress blood vessels and/or airway. - Leaves characteristic **ligature marks** on the neck, which burking aims to avoid by using manual compression instead. *Drowning mechanism* - Involves **submersion in liquid** causing respiratory impairment and asphyxia. - Completely different mechanism from burking, which involves **manual suffocation** on dry land without water involvement. *Hanging technique* - Hanging involves **suspension of the body by the neck**, causing death through compression of neck structures. - This is completely different from burking and leaves distinct **hanging marks** on the neck, which burking specifically avoids.

Q: A witness, who after taking oath, willfully makes a statement which he knows or believes to be false is guilty of offence under section:

193 IPC. ***193 IPC*** - **Section 193 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC)** is the substantive offense provision that prescribes **punishment for giving false evidence** in a judicial proceeding. - Making a false statement under oath, knowing it to be false, makes a person **guilty under Section 193 IPC**, which provides for imprisonment up to 7 years and fine. - This is the operative section under which prosecution is initiated for perjury. *191 IPC* - **Section 191 IPC** defines what constitutes "giving false evidence" - it describes the act but does not prescribe punishment. - While the question describes an act that fits Section 191's definition, the person is charged and found guilty under **Section 193**, which is the punishment provision. - Section 191 is a definitional section, not the offense section itself. *192 IPC* - **Section 192 IPC** deals with **fabricating false evidence**, which involves creating or manufacturing evidence (making false entries in documents, causing circumstances to exist, etc.). - This focuses on the act of *fabricating* rather than directly *giving* a false statement under oath in proceedings. *190 IPC* - **Section 190 IPC** deals with **threat of injury** to induce a person to refrain from applying for protection to a public servant. - This section is entirely unrelated to giving false evidence or making false statements under oath.

Q: Magistrate inquest is done in?

Death in psychiatry hospital. ***Death in psychiatry hospital*** - A **magistrate inquest** is **mandatory** under Section 176 CrPC for deaths occurring in **psychiatric hospitals/institutions**, as these are considered deaths in **state custody** or institutional care. - This ensures **judicial oversight** and independent investigation into the cause and circumstances of death of vulnerable individuals under institutional care. - Among all the options, this is the **most specific and universally mandated** scenario requiring magistrate inquest across all jurisdictions in India. *Death by suicide* - While suicide deaths are unnatural and often require magistrate inquest under Section 176 CrPC, the requirement varies by state and circumstances. - In practice, many suicide deaths may initially be investigated by police with magistrate involvement based on specific circumstances or state protocols. - Not as universally mandated as deaths in custody/institutions. *Death in suspicious circumstances* - Deaths in suspicious circumstances typically require investigation, but the type of inquest (police vs magistrate) depends on the specific nature and severity of suspicion. - While magistrate inquest may be ordered, it is not as automatically mandated as deaths in institutional custody. - The investigating authority determines if magistrate involvement is necessary. *Death by accident* - Accidental deaths may require magistrate inquest depending on the circumstances (e.g., railway accidents, factory accidents). - However, not all accidental deaths automatically mandate magistrate inquest. - Deaths in custody or institutional care have **absolute mandatory** requirement, making psychiatric hospital death the most appropriate answer.

Q: Lattes' crust test of blood stain is used to detect -

Detection of species. ***Detection species*** - **Lattes crust test** is a method used in forensic serology to determine the **species origin of a blood stain**. - It involves overlaying a crust of dried blood with **anti-sera** from different animal species to observe for agglutination, indicating a reaction and thus the species. *Nature of stain* - The **nature of the stain** typically refers to whether it is blood, semen, saliva, etc., which is usually determined through preliminary presumptive tests like the **Kastle-Meyer test** for blood. - The **Lattes crust test** specifically aims to identify the species from which the blood originated, not its general nature. *Blood group* - **Blood grouping tests** are designed to determine the ABO, Rh, or other blood types within a single species, typically humans. - While important in forensic investigations, these tests are distinct from the **Lattes crust test**, which focuses on **species identification**. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because the **Lattes crust test** is indeed used for the **detection of species**, making option B the correct answer. - The test has a specific purpose in forensic analysis related to species identification.

Q: Professional death in medical profession is -

Removal of name of doctor from panel of RMP. ***Removal of name of doctor from panel of RMP*** - **Professional death** in the medical context refers to the permanent revocation of a doctor's license to practice. - This typically occurs when a physician's name is removed from the **Register of Medical Practitioners (RMP)**, making it illegal for them to practice medicine. *Death sentence ordered by judge* - This is a legal punishment for severe crimes and does not relate to the **professional standing** or *licensure* of a physician. - A death sentence is a judicial outcome for criminal offenses, distinct from *professional misconduct*. *Death during police firing* - This describes a cause of actual physical death and is unrelated to a doctor's **professional status** or ability to practice. - While tragic, it has no bearing on a physician's *professional licensure* or *ethical standing*. *Death of doctor* - This refers to the **biological death** of an individual, which naturally ends their professional career. - However, "professional death" specifically denotes the **loss of professional credentials** while still being alive, due to disciplinary action.

Q: Incest is defined as sexual intercourse between which individuals?

Closely related individuals. ***Closely related individuals*** - **Incest** refers to sexual intercourse between individuals who are considered too **closely related** by lineage or kinship to marry each other legally. - The definition of "closely related" varies across cultures and legal systems but generally includes **immediate family members** such as parents, children, and siblings. *Individuals other than spouse* - This definition describes **adultery** or **extramarital affairs**, which are distinct from incest. - While both involve sexual acts outside of legally or socially accepted norms, they differ significantly in the relationship between the involved parties. *Humans and animals* - This describes **bestiality** or **zoophilia**, which is a form of sexual activity involving humans and animals. - This is a separate and distinct concept from incest, which specifically concerns sexual relations between humans within a prohibited degree of kinship. *Unrelated individuals of same gender* - This describes **homosexual** sexual acts between adults, which are not inherently illegal or considered incestuous. - Incest is defined specifically by the **familial relationship** between the individuals, not their gender or lack of marital ties.

Q: A doctor conducts criminal abortion for a woman with consent. He will be prosecuted under which of the following IPC sections?

312 IPC. ***312 IPC*** - This section of the **Indian Penal Code (IPC)** specifically deals with **causing miscarriage** or criminal abortion. - Doing so with the woman's consent, but outside of legal provisions, falls under this section. *316 IPC* - This section deals with **causing the death of a quick unborn child**, an act amounting to culpable homicide. - It would apply if the act intended to cause the death of the child, not just to induce an abortion. *313 IPC* - This section addresses **causing miscarriage without the woman's consent**. - Since the question states the abortion was done "with consent," this section is not applicable. *317 IPC* - This section pertains to the **exposure and abandonment of a child** under twelve years of age by parent or person having care of it. - This is unrelated to the act of performing an abortion.

Question 1

Medical etiquette is related to:

Accepted Answer

Courtesy observed between doctors

Answer

Legal obligations of doctors

Answer

Professional guidelines for doctors

Answer

Ethical principles guiding doctors

Question 2

Foamy liver is seen in:

Accepted Answer

Putrefaction

Answer

Arsenic poisoning

Answer

Electrocution

Answer

Hanging

Question 3

Cause of death for drowning in cold water:

Accepted Answer

Inability to breathe (asphyxia)

Answer

Loss of consciousness due to hypoxia

Answer

Cardiac arrest due to vagal inhibition

Answer

Cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation

Question 4

Burking includes:

Accepted Answer

Chest compression and airway obstruction

Answer

Ligature strangulation

Answer

Drowning mechanism

Answer

Hanging technique

Question 5

A witness, who after taking oath, willfully makes a statement which he knows or believes to be false is guilty of offence under section:

Accepted Answer

193 IPC

Answer

192 IPC

Answer

191 IPC

Answer

190 IPC

Question 6

Magistrate inquest is done in?

Accepted Answer

Death in psychiatry hospital

Answer

Death by suicide

Answer

Death in suspicious circumstances

Answer

Death by accident

Question 7

Lattes' crust test of blood stain is used to detect -

Accepted Answer

Detection of species

Answer

Nature of stain

Answer

Blood group

Answer

None of the options

Question 8

Professional death in medical profession is -

Accepted Answer

Removal of name of doctor from panel of RMP

Answer

Death sentence ordered by judge

Answer

Death during police firing

Answer

Death of doctor

Question 9

Incest is defined as sexual intercourse between which individuals?

Accepted Answer

Closely related individuals

Answer

Individuals other than spouse

Answer

Humans and animals

Answer

Unrelated individuals of same gender

Question 10

A doctor conducts criminal abortion for a woman with consent. He will be prosecuted under which of the following IPC sections?

Accepted Answer

312 IPC

Answer

316 IPC

Answer

313 IPC

Answer

317 IPC

NEET-PG 2013 — Forensic Medicine