INI-CET 2025 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: What is the minimum age at which a woman can provide valid consent for a Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) in India?

18 years. **18 years** - In India, the legally prescribed **age of majority** for granting consent for medical procedures, including the **Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)**, is **18 years**. - If the woman has attained 18 years, she alone can provide valid consent, as per Section 3(4)(a) of the **MTP Act, 1971** (as amended). *16 years* - While 16 years is a relevant age for sexual consent under the **POCSO Act**, it is not the minimum age for providing **medical consent** for MTP. - If the woman is below 18 years, her consent is not considered valid; instead, the consent of her **guardian** or **parent** is legally required for the procedure. *25 years* - This age is significantly above the required **age of majority (18 years)**; a 25-year-old woman provides her own independent and valid consent. - There is no legal provision under the MTP Act that specifically mandates the age of 25 for consent; the requirement is based only on attaining **adulthood**. *20 years* - This age is higher than the minimum legal requirement of **18 years** for giving consent. - A 20-year-old woman is legally competent to decide on her **MTP** independently without requiring parental or guardian consent. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: In a village of 100 children, 10 children have a past history of measles (i.e., they are not at risk now), 20 new cases of measles were reported this year. What is the incidence of measles in this population for the year?

22.22 %. ***22.22 %*** - Incidence is calculated as the ratio of **new cases** (20) to the **population at risk** (susceptible population) over the specified period. - The **population at risk** is the total population (100) minus those who are already immune (10), making the denominator 90. Incidence = (20/90) × 100 = **22.22 %**. *20 %* - This result is obtained by incorrectly using the **total population** (100) as the denominator (20/100 × 100), ignoring the already immune group. - Using the total population in the denominator leads to an underestimate of the true **attack rate** or incidence among the susceptible group. *10 %* - This figure represents the proportion of children who had suffered from measles in the past (10/100), reflecting a form of **past prevalence**, not incidence. - Incidence focuses exclusively on the **new cases** that developed within the year. *30 %* - This percentage represents the **cumulative prevalence** at the end of the year, including both old (10) and new (20) cases, divided by the total population (30/100). - Incidence requires the denominator to be the **population at risk** (those who could develop the disease), not the total population. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: According to WHO, which rapid molecular test is recommended as the initial diagnostic investigation for tuberculosis (TB) spine?

CBNAAT. ***CBNAAT*** - The **WHO** strongly recommends **CBNAAT (GeneXpert or Truenat)** as the **initial rapid molecular diagnostic test** for extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), including **TB spine (Pott's disease)**, due to its rapid turnaround time and high sensitivity. - CBNAAT simultaneously detects **Mycobacterium tuberculosis** DNA and identifies resistance to **Rifampicin**, providing critical information for prompt treatment initiation, typically within 2 hours. - This rapid molecular test is preferred over traditional methods for initial diagnosis to enable early treatment decisions. *Incorrect: X-ray* - X-rays are imaging studies useful for detecting features like **vertebral destruction**, **paraspinal shadow**, and collapse leading to **gibbus deformity**, but they are not molecular diagnostic tests. - While X-rays are included in the diagnostic workup, they cannot confirm the presence of the organism or detect drug resistance, which is why they are not the WHO-recommended initial molecular test. *Incorrect: CT scan* - CT scans offer superior visualization of subtle bony changes, extent of destruction, and delineating **paraspinal cold abscesses**, often used for staging and guiding intervention. - Like X-ray, CT is an **imaging modality** that assists in identifying structural changes but is not a molecular diagnostic test and cannot provide microbiological confirmation or drug resistance information. *Incorrect: Culture and sensitivity* - **Culture (e.g., Lowenstein-Jensen, MGIT)** is considered the **gold standard** for definitive diagnosis and comprehensive Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST). - However, culture results are slow (taking 4–8 weeks), which delays crucial management decisions, leading the WHO to prioritize **rapid molecular tests** like CBNAAT for **initial diagnosis** over culture, though culture remains important for comprehensive DST. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

What is the minimum age at which a woman can provide valid consent for a Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) in India?

Accepted Answer

18 years

Answer

16 years

Answer

25 years

Answer

20 years

Question 2

In a village of 100 children, 10 children have a past history of measles (i.e., they are not at risk now), 20 new cases of measles were reported this year. What is the incidence of measles in this population for the year?

Accepted Answer

22.22 %

Answer

10 %

Answer

30 %

Answer

20 %

Question 3

Match the following: 
Vector/agent : 1. Louse - 2. Tick - 3. Mite - 4. Poxvirus
Diseases caused : A. Epidemic typhus - B. Rocky Mounted Spotted Fever (RMSF) - C. Scrub typhus - D. Molluscum contagiosum

Accepted Answer

1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D

Answer

1-B, 2-A, 3-C, 4-D

Answer

1-D, 2-B, 3-C, 4-A

Answer

1-C, 2-B, 3-A, 4-D

Question 4

According to WHO, which rapid molecular test is recommended as the initial diagnostic investigation for tuberculosis (TB) spine?

Accepted Answer

CBNAAT

Answer

X-ray

Answer

CT scan

Answer

Culture and sensitivity

Question 5

According to NPCBVI, blindness is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Presenting visual acuity < 3/60 in better eye

Answer

Corrected visual acuity 6/60 in better eye

Answer

Corrected visual acuity 3/60 in better eye

Answer

Presenting visual acuity 6/60 in better eye

Question 6

In a given population:
- less than 15 years: 6000
- 15 to 64 years: 12000
- 65 years and above: 2000

Calculate the dependency ratio.

Accepted Answer

66 %

Answer

50 %

Answer

75 %

Answer

33 %

Question 7

In a study done in a hospital, patients were categorized into three groups based on disease prevalence (Low, Medium, High), and individuals were then randomly selected from each group. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified random sampling

Answer

Systematic random sampling

Answer

Cluster random sampling

Answer

Simple random sampling

Question 8

In statistics, centiles and quartiles are considered as:

Accepted Answer

Measures of location/position

Answer

Measures of dispersion

Answer

Measures of central tendency

Answer

Measures of correlation

Question 9

Which of the following is incorrectly matched with respect to the statistical parameter?

Accepted Answer

Mean, median - Dispersion

Answer

Moments - Skewness

Answer

Standard error - Variation

Answer

Correlation coefficient - Relationship

Question 10

In a Primary Health Centre (PHC), a study was done on diabetic patients. Mean weight was recorded before and after 6 months of dietary intervention. Which statistical test should be used to determine significance?

Accepted Answer

Paired t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Unpaired t-test

Answer

ANOVA

INI-CET 2025 — Community Medicine