INI-CET 2025 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is not a boundary of the hepatocystic triangle?

Cystic artery. ***Cystic artery*** - The **cystic artery** is the structure of key surgical importance found *within* the hepatocystic triangle, but it does not form one of its three defining boundaries [1]. - It is crucial for locating and ligating the artery during **cholecystectomy** [2]. *Cystic duct* - The **cystic duct** forms the **lateral boundary** of the hepatocystic triangle (Triangle of Calot) [1]. - This boundary leads directly from the neck of the gallbladder. *Common hepatic duct* - The **common hepatic duct** forms the **medial boundary** of the hepatocystic triangle [2]. - It is formed by the union of the right and left hepatic ducts and is medial to the cystic duct. *Inferior border of liver* - The **inferior border (or visceral surface) of the liver** forms the **superior boundary** of the hepatocystic triangle [2]. - Together with the cystic duct and common hepatic duct, it completes the triangular shape. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Observe the provided image showing a muscle indicated by an arrow. What is the primary action of this muscle on the mandible?

Protracts and depresses the mandible. ***Protracts and depresses the mandible*** - The muscle indicated is the **Lateral Pterygoid muscle**, which is unique among the muscles of mastication in being the primary muscle responsible for **mandibular depression** (opening the mouth). - The contraction of the muscle pulls the head of the mandible and the articular disc forward, leading to **protraction** and the initial phase of mouth opening. *Retracts and elevates the mandible* - These actions belong mainly to the **Temporalis muscle**. The anterior and middle fibers elevate and the posterior fibers retract the mandible. - The Lateral Pterygoid muscle is involved in lowering the jaw, which is contrary to elevation. *Elevates and protracts the mandible* - **Elevation** (closing the mouth) is the strongest action and is primarily carried out by the **Masseter**, **Temporalis**, and **Medial Pterygoid** muscles. - While the Lateral Pterygoid facilitates protraction, it is an antagonist to elevation. *Depresses and retracts the mandible* - The **Lateral Pterygoid** is the main muscle for **depression**; however, it causes **protraction** (forward movement) of the mandible, not retraction. - Retraction is primarily achieved by the **posterior fibers of the Temporalis muscle** and assisted by the digastrics muscle. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Tight junctions are primarily located at which part of the cell?

Apical. ***Apical*** - **Tight junctions** (Zonula Occludens) are the most **apical** component of the junctional complex in many epithelial cells [1]. - Their primary function is to seal adjacent cells, preventing the passage of molecules between them (paracellular route), thus establishing **epithelial polarity** [1], [2]. *Apicolateral* - This term is less precise; the junctional complex includes the tight junction (**apical**), followed by the adherens junction, and then the desmosome (**lateral**). - The tight junction itself is specifically located at the very **apical** edge, not spanning the entire apicolateral domain [1]. *Basal* - The **basal** part of the cell is where the cell attaches to the **basement membrane** via structures like hemidesmosomes [1]. - Tight junctions are not found here, as they are essential for defining the **apical** vs. basolateral domains. *Basolateral* - The **basolateral** domain comprises the sides and base of the cell, where structures like **desmosomes** (lateral) and hemidesmosomes (basal) are found [1]. - This region is separated from the lumen by the function of the **tight junction** located upstream at the apical pole [2]. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A middle-aged lady choked while eating fish and has associated symptoms of coughing, hoarseness of voice, and a foreign body sensation in the throat. On examination, the pyriform fossa is found to be inflamed. Which of the following nerves supplies this region?

Internal Laryngeal Nerve (ILN). ***Internal Laryngeal Nerve (ILN)*** - The **Internal Laryngeal Nerve** (sensory branch of **superior laryngeal nerve**, CN X) provides **sensory innervation to the pyriform fossa** and surrounding hypopharyngeal structures. - Fish bone impaction in the pyriform fossa irritates the **ILN**, causing **cough reflex**, **hoarseness**, and **foreign body sensation** as described in this case. *External Laryngeal Nerve (ELN)* - The **External Laryngeal Nerve** is primarily a **motor nerve** that supplies the **cricothyroid muscle** for vocal cord tensioning. - It provides **minimal sensory contribution** and does not innervate the mucosa of the pyriform fossa. *Glossopharyngeal Nerve* - The **Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)** provides sensory innervation to the **oropharynx** and **posterior third of tongue**, not the pyriform fossa. - The pyriform fossa is anatomically part of the **hypopharynx (laryngopharynx)**, which is supplied by branches of the **vagus nerve**, not CN IX. *Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve* - The **Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve** primarily provides **motor innervation** to intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid). - Its sensory distribution is limited to the **infraglottic larynx** (below vocal cords), not the pyriform fossa region. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following nerves gives sensory supply to the orbit?

Trigeminal nerve. ***Trigeminal nerve*** - The **Ophthalmic division (V1)** of the Trigeminal nerve (CN V) is the primary source of general sensation for structures within the orbit, including the globe, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland. - Its key branches, which include the **frontal**, **lacrimal**, and **nasociliary nerves**, are responsible for carrying these sensory fibers. *Vagus nerve* - The Vagus nerve (CN X) is primarily involved in **parasympathetic control** of the thoracic and abdominal viscera, and motor supply to the pharynx and larynx. - It does not supply the orbit with any **general sensory** fibers; its distribution is mainly to the neck, chest, and abdomen. *Hypoglossal nerve* - The Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is a purely **somatic motor nerve** originating from the medulla. - Its function is restricted to supplying the **intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue**, having no role in orbital innervation or sensation. *Oculomotor nerve* - The Oculomotor nerve (CN III) is predominantly a **motor nerve** that supplies four of the six extraocular muscles and the **Levator palpebrae superioris**. - While it carries **parasympathetic fibers** to the ciliary ganglion, it does not provide **general sensory** supply to the orbital structures. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Which of the following is not a boundary of the hepatocystic triangle?

Accepted Answer

Cystic artery

Answer

Cystic duct

Answer

Common hepatic duct

Answer

Inferior border of liver

Question 2

Observe the provided image showing a muscle indicated by an arrow. What is the primary action of this muscle on the mandible?

Accepted Answer

Protracts and depresses the mandible

Answer

Retracts and elevates the mandible

Answer

Elevates and protracts the mandible

Answer

Depresses and retracts the mandible

Question 3

Tight junctions are primarily located at which part of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Apical

Answer

Apicolateral

Answer

Basal

Answer

Basolateral

Question 4

A middle-aged lady choked while eating fish and has associated symptoms of coughing, hoarseness of voice, and a foreign body sensation in the throat. On examination, the pyriform fossa is found to be inflamed. Which of the following nerves supplies this region?

Accepted Answer

Internal Laryngeal Nerve (ILN)

Answer

External Laryngeal Nerve (ELN)

Answer

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Answer

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Question 5

Which of the following nerves gives sensory supply to the orbit?

Accepted Answer

Trigeminal nerve

Answer

Hypoglossal nerve

Answer

Oculomotor nerve

Answer

Vagus nerve

Question 6

Out of the following, which statements are correct? 1. Epidermis can regenerate from hair bulbs and sebaceous glands 2. Stratum corneum is the outermost cellular layer 3. Epidermis originates from the ectoderm 4. Dermis and hypodermis originate from the endoderm

Accepted Answer

1,3

Answer

3,4

Answer

1,2

Answer

2,3

Question 7

The dental numbering system shown below represents: R 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (permanent teeth) and R e d c b a | a b c d e (deciduous teeth) for upper and lower quadrants. Which dental numbering system is this?

Accepted Answer

Palmer's notation

Answer

FDI formula

Answer

Universal system

Answer

Haderup system

Question 8

Identify the structure labeled in the histology image shown.

Accepted Answer

Respiratory bronchiole

Answer

Alveolar duct

Answer

Bronchus

Answer

Terminal bronchiole

Question 9

Tight junctions are primarily located at which part of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Apical

Answer

Apicolateral

Answer

Basolateral

Answer

Basal

Question 10

Match the cardiac anatomical features from Column I with their corresponding labels from Column II. Column I: 1. Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins; 2. Lies anterior to ascending aorta; 3. Arises from LV; 4. Hypertrophy in pulmonary stenosis. Column II: A. Ascending aorta; B. Right ventricle; C. Pulmonary trunk; D. Left atrium.

Accepted Answer

1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B

Answer

1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D

Answer

1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A

Answer

1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B

INI-CET 2025 — Anatomy