INI-CET 2025 Previous Year Questions Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is not a boundary of the hepatocystic triangle?

Cystic artery. ***Cystic artery*** - The **cystic artery** is the structure of key surgical importance found *within* the hepatocystic triangle, but it does not form one of its three defining boundaries [1]. - It is crucial for locating and ligating the artery during **cholecystectomy** [2]. *Cystic duct* - The **cystic duct** forms the **lateral boundary** of the hepatocystic triangle (Triangle of Calot) [1]. - This boundary leads directly from the neck of the gallbladder. *Common hepatic duct* - The **common hepatic duct** forms the **medial boundary** of the hepatocystic triangle [2]. - It is formed by the union of the right and left hepatic ducts and is medial to the cystic duct. *Inferior border of liver* - The **inferior border (or visceral surface) of the liver** forms the **superior boundary** of the hepatocystic triangle [2]. - Together with the cystic duct and common hepatic duct, it completes the triangular shape. [Practice more INI-CET 2025 questions on OnCourse]

Q: Observe the provided image showing a muscle indicated by an arrow. What is the primary action of this muscle on the mandible?

Protracts and depresses the mandible. ***Protracts and depresses the mandible*** - The muscle indicated is the **Lateral Pterygoid muscle**, which is unique among the muscles of mastication in being the primary muscle responsible for **mandibular depression** (opening the mouth). - The contraction of the muscle pulls the head of the mandible and the articular disc forward, leading to **protraction** and the initial phase of mouth opening. *Retracts and elevates the mandible* - These actions belong mainly to the **Temporalis muscle**. The anterior and middle fibers elevate and the posterior fibers retract the mandible. - The Lateral Pterygoid muscle is involved in lowering the jaw, which is contrary to elevation. *Elevates and protracts the mandible* - **Elevation** (closing the mouth) is the strongest action and is primarily carried out by the **Masseter**, **Temporalis**, and **Medial Pterygoid** muscles. - While the Lateral Pterygoid facilitates protraction, it is an antagonist to elevation. *Depresses and retracts the mandible* - The **Lateral Pterygoid** is the main muscle for **depression**; however, it causes **protraction** (forward movement) of the mandible, not retraction. - Retraction is primarily achieved by the **posterior fibers of the Temporalis muscle** and assisted by the digastrics muscle. [Practice more INI-CET 2025 questions on OnCourse]

Q: Tight junctions are primarily located at which part of the cell?

Apical. ***Apical*** - **Tight junctions** (Zonula Occludens) are the most **apical** component of the junctional complex in many epithelial cells [1]. - Their primary function is to seal adjacent cells, preventing the passage of molecules between them (paracellular route), thus establishing **epithelial polarity** [1], [2]. *Apicolateral* - This term is less precise; the junctional complex includes the tight junction (**apical**), followed by the adherens junction, and then the desmosome (**lateral**). - The tight junction itself is specifically located at the very **apical** edge, not spanning the entire apicolateral domain [1]. *Basal* - The **basal** part of the cell is where the cell attaches to the **basement membrane** via structures like hemidesmosomes [1]. - Tight junctions are not found here, as they are essential for defining the **apical** vs. basolateral domains. *Basolateral* - The **basolateral** domain comprises the sides and base of the cell, where structures like **desmosomes** (lateral) and hemidesmosomes (basal) are found [1]. - This region is separated from the lumen by the function of the **tight junction** located upstream at the apical pole [2]. [Practice more INI-CET 2025 questions on OnCourse]

Q: A middle-aged lady choked while eating fish and has associated symptoms of coughing, hoarseness of voice, and a foreign body sensation in the throat. On examination, the pyriform fossa is found to be inflamed. Which of the following nerves supplies this region?

Internal Laryngeal Nerve (ILN). ***Internal Laryngeal Nerve (ILN)*** - The **Internal Laryngeal Nerve** (sensory branch of **superior laryngeal nerve**, CN X) provides **sensory innervation to the pyriform fossa** and surrounding hypopharyngeal structures. - Fish bone impaction in the pyriform fossa irritates the **ILN**, causing **cough reflex**, **hoarseness**, and **foreign body sensation** as described in this case. *External Laryngeal Nerve (ELN)* - The **External Laryngeal Nerve** is primarily a **motor nerve** that supplies the **cricothyroid muscle** for vocal cord tensioning. - It provides **minimal sensory contribution** and does not innervate the mucosa of the pyriform fossa. *Glossopharyngeal Nerve* - The **Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)** provides sensory innervation to the **oropharynx** and **posterior third of tongue**, not the pyriform fossa. - The pyriform fossa is anatomically part of the **hypopharynx (laryngopharynx)**, which is supplied by branches of the **vagus nerve**, not CN IX. *Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve* - The **Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve** primarily provides **motor innervation** to intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid). - Its sensory distribution is limited to the **infraglottic larynx** (below vocal cords), not the pyriform fossa region. [Practice more INI-CET 2025 questions on OnCourse]

Q: A child presents with fatigue and hepatomegaly. Liver enzymes (ALT, AST) are elevated. Ketosis was significant. Liver biopsy shows excess glycogen accumulation. After feeding, blood glucose levels rise, but there is no rise in glucose after overnight fasting. Which of the following enzyme deficiencies is most likely responsible for this presentation?

Glucose-6-phosphatase. ***Glucose-6-phosphatase*** - This deficiency is characteristic of Glycogen Storage Disease type I (**GSD I** or **Von Gierke disease**), which prevents the final step of both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (conversion of **Glucose-6-Phosphate** to free glucose). - The inability to release free glucose from the liver, especially during fasting, causes severe **fasting hypoglycemia**, significant **ketosis**, and massive **hepatomegaly** due to trapped glycogen and fat accumulation. *Liver phosphorylase* - Deficiency in **Liver phosphorylase** (GSD VI or Hers disease) impairs the breakdown of glycogen but does not affect the gluconeogenesis pathway. - While it leads to hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia, the symptoms are generally **milder** than GSD I, and the profound metabolic derangements (severe ketosis, lactic acidosis) seen in this case are typically less pronounced. *Muscle phosphorylase* - This enzyme deficiency, known as **GSD V** or **McArdle disease**, primarily affects the skeletal muscle, leading to muscle pain, cramps, and **exercise intolerance**. - It does not cause hepatomegaly or issues with hepatic glucose release and therefore is an **unlikely** cause of fasting hypoglycemia in a child. *Phosphofructokinase* - Phosphofructokinase (GSD VII or **Tarui disease**) deficiency affects both muscle and erythrocytes, presenting similar to McArdle disease with **exercise intolerance** and often mild hemolysis. - PFK deficiency primarily affects glycolysis and does not directly impair the liver's ability to release glucose via **gluconeogenesis** or the final G6Pase step during fasting. [Practice more INI-CET 2025 questions on OnCourse]

Question 1

Which of the following is not a boundary of the hepatocystic triangle?

Accepted Answer

Cystic artery

Answer

Cystic duct

Answer

Common hepatic duct

Answer

Inferior border of liver

Question 2

Observe the provided image showing a muscle indicated by an arrow. What is the primary action of this muscle on the mandible?

Accepted Answer

Protracts and depresses the mandible

Answer

Retracts and elevates the mandible

Answer

Elevates and protracts the mandible

Answer

Depresses and retracts the mandible

Question 3

Tight junctions are primarily located at which part of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Apical

Answer

Apicolateral

Answer

Basal

Answer

Basolateral

Question 4

A middle-aged lady choked while eating fish and has associated symptoms of coughing, hoarseness of voice, and a foreign body sensation in the throat. On examination, the pyriform fossa is found to be inflamed. Which of the following nerves supplies this region?

Accepted Answer

Internal Laryngeal Nerve (ILN)

Answer

External Laryngeal Nerve (ELN)

Answer

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Answer

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Question 5

A child presents with fatigue and hepatomegaly. Liver enzymes (ALT, AST) are elevated. Ketosis was significant. Liver biopsy shows excess glycogen accumulation. After feeding, blood glucose levels rise, but there is no rise in glucose after overnight fasting. Which of the following enzyme deficiencies is most likely responsible for this presentation?

Accepted Answer

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Answer

Liver phosphorylase

Answer

Muscle phosphorylase

Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Question 6

Cancer cells take up excess glucose because?

Accepted Answer

Lactate is produced even in the presence of Oxygen

Answer

High NADH/NAD ratio

Answer

High GLUT2

Answer

Absence of Oxygen

Question 7

What is the minimum age at which a woman can provide valid consent for a Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) in India?

Accepted Answer

18 years

Answer

16 years

Answer

25 years

Answer

20 years

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) is NOT typically correct or recommended?

Accepted Answer

Biopsy under anesthesia to diagnose

Answer

Recurrent epistaxis

Answer

Unilateral nasal obstruction

Answer

Exclusively to adolescent boys

Question 9

As per the MTP (Amendment) Act, 2021, the opinion of two registered medical practitioners is required for termination of pregnancy at which gestational age?

Accepted Answer

20-24 weeks

Answer

16-20 weeks

Answer

Up to 12 weeks

Answer

12-16 weeks

Question 10

A single muscle twitch lasts 40 milliseconds. What is the minimum tetanization frequency required to produce a sustained (fused) contraction in this muscle?

Accepted Answer

25 Hz

Answer

10 Hz

Answer

20 Hz

Answer

40 Hz

INI-CET 2025

Anatomy

Biochemistry

Community Medicine

ENT

Forensic Medicine

Physiology

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