INI-CET 2021 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: SAFE strategy for trachoma includes all except?

Evaluation of control program. ***Evaluation of control program*** - **Evaluation** is a monitoring and assessment process used to measure the effectiveness of the SAFE strategy, but it is **not one of the four intervention components** of the strategy itself. - The SAFE strategy consists of: **S**urgery, **A**ntibiotics, **F**acial cleanliness, and **E**nvironmental improvement. *Surgery for trichiasis* - **Trichiasis** (in-turned eyelashes) is a blinding complication of trachoma requiring **surgical correction** to prevent corneal damage. - This is the "S" component of SAFE. *Antibiotics* - **Mass drug administration** with **azithromycin** (single oral dose) is used to reduce the community reservoir of *Chlamydia trachomatis*. - This is the "A" component of SAFE. *Facial cleanliness* - Promoting **facial hygiene**, especially in children, prevents transmission of *Chlamydia trachomatis* through contact and fly vectors. - This is the "F" component of SAFE. *Environmental improvement (Not listed as an option but part of SAFE)* - Improving **water supply**, **sanitation**, and **waste management** reduces breeding sites for flies and improves hygiene. - This is the "E" component of SAFE. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Mobile Medical Units (MMUs) under government health programs can operate through different models. Which of the following statements about MMU operations are correct? 1. MMUs are run by the government 2. MMUs are run by external agencies with medical supplies given by the government 3. MMUs are run by the government and medical supplies are also given by the government 4. MMUs are run by external agencies and medical supplies are also given by the external agency

1, 2, and 3. ***1, 2, and 3*** - This option correctly identifies the flexible operational models of **Mobile Medical Units (MMUs)** under government health programs. - MMUs can be directly managed by the **government**, managed by **external agencies** with government-provided supplies, or managed by the government with **government-provided supplies**. *1, 2, 3, and 4* - This option incorrectly includes the scenario where MMUs are run by **external agencies** and medical supplies are also provided by the **external agency**. - While external agencies can run MMUs, government health programs typically ensure that essential medical supplies are provided or funded by the **government** to maintain standardization and accessibility. *1 and 2* - This option is incomplete as it misses the model where both the MMU operation and medical supplies are provided by the **government** (statement 3). - Government health programs often have fully integrated models, especially in remote areas. *Only 1* - This option is too restrictive, as it only includes the model where MMUs are run by the **government**. - MMUs often involve partnerships with **external agencies** for operational efficiency or specialized services. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: You are starting services for hypertension in your PHC. 50 patients who required antihypertensive treatment were transferred from another center. 40 of them were on amlodipine ( 5 mg PO) and 10 were on lisinopril ( 10 mg PO) as they had contraindications to the use of amlodipine. The drugs are supplied at the PHC on a monthly basis and you have to place an order for their medications. What is the number of tablets that you will order and the reorder factor?

1600, rf=2. ***1600, rf=2*** - **Monthly requirement calculation:** 40 patients need amlodipine (40 × 30 = 1,200 tablets/month) and 10 patients need lisinopril (10 × 30 = 300 tablets/month), totaling **1,500 tablets per month**. - With a **reorder factor of 2**, the inventory management principle suggests maintaining stock for potential delays. Using the formula: Order quantity = (Monthly need × Lead time) + Safety stock, this yields approximately **1,600 tablets** accounting for a practical buffer. - This represents a **rational inventory level** balancing supply continuity against storage constraints in a PHC setting. *1000, rf=3* - This quantity (1,000 tablets) is **insufficient** as it doesn't even cover one month's requirement of 1,500 tablets. - A reorder factor of 3 with inadequate base quantity would lead to **stockout** and treatment interruption. *1200, rf=2* - This covers only the **amlodipine requirement** (1,200 tablets) but completely omits the lisinopril requirement (300 tablets). - Would result in **immediate stockout** of lisinopril for 10 patients, compromising patient care. - Does not account for any **safety stock** or lead time buffer. *1400, rf=3* - While closer to the monthly need, **1,400 tablets is still below** the 1,500 required monthly. - A reorder factor of 3 is inconsistent with monthly ordering cycles and would suggest excessive inventory if properly calculated. - Does not follow standard **pharmaceutical inventory management** principles for this scenario. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Compared to a pregnant female, a lactating female would require a higher level of nutrient supplementation for which of the following?

Calcium. ***Calcium*** - **Lactating women** require higher calcium intake compared to pregnant women due to significant calcium transfer into **breast milk** for infant bone development. - This increased demand helps maintain maternal bone density and ensures adequate calcium supply for the baby. *Folic acid* - **Folic acid** is critically important during **pregnancy** to prevent neural tube defects, with supplementation typically decreasing postpartum. - While still necessary, the daily recommended intake for lactating women is generally lower than during pregnancy. *Iron* - **Iron requirements** are highest during **pregnancy** to support increased maternal blood volume and fetal development. - In lactating women, iron needs often decrease postpartum, especially if there was minimal blood loss during delivery and menstruation has not yet resumed. *Vitamin A* - While **Vitamin A** is important for both pregnant and lactating women, the recommended intake for pregnant women tends to be slightly higher, especially for **fetal organ development**. - Excessive vitamin A can be teratogenic during pregnancy, so supplementation needs careful monitoring in both states. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The most common mode of absorption of inorganic lead in industries leading to lead poisoning is:

Inhaled lead dust. ***Inhaled lead dust*** - In industrial settings, **inorganic lead** is frequently present as fine airborne particles, making inhalation the primary route of exposure and absorption. - **Lead dust** generated from processes like smelting, battery manufacturing, and construction (e.g., sanding lead paint) can be readily absorbed through the respiratory tract. *Ingestion of contaminated food and water* - While ingestion of **contaminated food and water** is a significant route of lead exposure, especially in children, it is generally less common than inhalation in occupational settings where lead dust is prevalent. - This route is more typically associated with environmental contamination rather than direct industrial absorption. *Contaminated hands* - **Contaminated hands** pose a risk primarily through transfer of lead to the mouth and subsequent ingestion, rather than direct absorption through the skin itself. - This is an indirect route of internal exposure, often secondary to handling lead-containing materials without proper hygiene. *Absorption through skin* - **Inorganic lead** (the type commonly found in industrial settings) is very poorly absorbed through intact skin. - **Organic lead compounds** (e.g., tetraethyl lead), which are less common in general industries, are much more readily absorbed cutaneously. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

SAFE strategy for trachoma includes all except?

Accepted Answer

Evaluation of control program

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Surgery for trichiasis

Answer

Facial cleanliness

Question 2

Mobile Medical Units (MMUs) under government health programs can operate through different models. Which of the following statements about MMU operations are correct?

1. MMUs are run by the government
2. MMUs are run by external agencies with medical supplies given by the government
3. MMUs are run by the government and medical supplies are also given by the government
4. MMUs are run by external agencies and medical supplies are also given by the external agency

Accepted Answer

1, 2, and 3

Answer

1, 2, 3, and 4

Answer

1 and 2

Answer

Only 1

Question 3

You are starting services for hypertension in your PHC. 50 patients who required antihypertensive treatment were transferred from another center. 40 of them were on amlodipine ( 5 mg PO) and 10 were on lisinopril ( 10 mg PO) as they had contraindications to the use of amlodipine. The drugs are supplied at the PHC on a monthly basis and you have to place an order for their medications. What is the number of tablets that you will order and the reorder factor?

Accepted Answer

1600, rf=2

Answer

1000, rf=3

Answer

1200, rf=2

Answer

1400, rf=3

Question 4

Compared to a pregnant female, a lactating female would require a higher level of nutrient supplementation for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Folic acid

Answer

Iron

Answer

Vitamin A

Question 5

The most common mode of absorption of inorganic lead in industries leading to lead poisoning is:

Accepted Answer

Inhaled lead dust

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food and water

Answer

Contaminated hands

Answer

Absorption through skin

Question 6

A nurse keeps the bins as shown in the image in the hospital ward. Which of the following items would go into the black bin?

Accepted Answer

Glove paper cover

Answer

Gloves

Answer

Soiled linen bedsheet

Answer

Contaminated gloves

Question 7

Interpret the following graph.

Accepted Answer

Normal, positively skewed, negatively skewed, normal with outliers

Answer

Normal, negatively skewed, positively skewed, skewed with outliers

Answer

Skewed with outliers, positively skewed, negatively skewed, normal

Answer

Normal, negatively skewed, positively skewed, normal with outliers

Question 8

A graph shows four different distribution curves labeled A, B, C, and D. Identify the correct sequence of distribution types shown in the graph.

Accepted Answer

Normal, positively skewed, negatively skewed, normal with outliers

Answer

Skewed with outliers, positively skewed, negatively skewed, normal

Answer

Normal, negatively skewed, positively skewed, skewed with outliers

Answer

Normal, negatively skewed, positively skewed, normal with outliers

Question 9

Which of the following is not a part of case-control studies?

Accepted Answer

Follow up

Answer

Strength of association

Answer

Matching

Answer

Selection of study subjects

Question 10

A new drug has been introduced into the market which was found to decrease mortality but it does not cure the disease. Which of the following is a true statement regarding prevalence and incidence?

Accepted Answer

Increase in prevalence

Answer

Decrease in incidence

Answer

Decrease in prevalence

Answer

Increase in incidence

INI-CET 2021 — Community Medicine