INI-CET 2021 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: A 6-month-old boy was brought to the casualty with seizures. The pediatrician tries to do CSF sampling. What are the structures punctured by the pediatrician while piercing through the marked structure?

Scalp, dura, arachnoid. ***Scalp, dura, arachnoid*** - The image shows a needle piercing through the **anterior fontanelle**, which allows direct access to the intracranial space. - When accessing the **subarachnoid space** via the fontanelle, the needle would penetrate the overlying **scalp**, then the outer and inner layers of the **dura mater**, and finally the **arachnoid mater** before reaching the cerebrospinal fluid. *Scalp, epicranium, endocranium and dura* - The terms **epicranium** and **endocranium** refer to layers associated with the bone itself, which is largely absent as a solid structure at the fontanelle in an infant. - CSF sampling through the fontanelle bypasses the need to penetrate mature bone layers like epicranium and endocranium. *Scalp synchondral membrane, dura, arachnoid* - A **synchondral membrane** is found between bones that are joined by cartilage, such as at the base of the skull, not typically within the fontanelle itself. - The primary layers to be penetrated at the fontanelle are the soft tissues of the scalp and the meningeal layers. *Pericranium, dura, arachnoid* - The **pericranium** is the dense connective tissue layer that covers the outer surface of the bones of the skull. - While present, it's considered part of the overall scalp layers and is not a separate primary penetration layer in the same context as the meninges for CSF sampling. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Fibers from the marked structure terminate at which of the following?

Red nucleus. ***Red nucleus*** - The arrow points to the **superior cerebellar peduncle**, which contains efferent fibers from the **dentate nucleus** of the cerebellum. - A major projection of the superior cerebellar peduncle is to the **contralateral red nucleus**, forming part of the **dentato-rubro-thalamic pathway**. *Subthalamus* - The subthalamus is part of the **diencephalon** and is involved in motor control as part of the **basal ganglia circuit**. - It does not receive direct efferent projections from the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle. *Inferior olivary nucleus* - The inferior olivary nucleus is a major source of **climbing fibers** to the cerebellum, providing **afferent input** for motor learning and coordination. - It does not receive direct efferent output from the cerebellum's deep nuclei via the superior cerebellar peduncle. *Fastigial nucleus* - The fastigial nucleus is one of the **deep cerebellar nuclei**, located medially. - Its primary efferent projections are via the **inferior cerebellar peduncle** to the vestibular nuclei and reticular formation, not typically receiving fibers from the superior cerebellar peduncle. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A patient who has taken the first COVID vaccine comes for the second dose. An astute nurse noticed that the shoulder was flabby, flat, and was asymmetrical. There was an associated loss of contour of the shoulder joint. Injury to which of the structures might have resulted and was avoidable?

Deltoid muscle. ***Deltoid muscle*** - The **deltoid muscle** is the principal muscle that gives the shoulder its rounded contour. Damage to or atrophy of the deltoid can lead to a **flat, flabby, and asymmetrical shoulder**. - Improper vaccine administration, such as injecting too high or too deep, can directly injure the deltoid muscle, leading to inflammation (**SIRVA - Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration**) or even deltoid atrophy, which would cause the observed lack of contour. *Supraspinatus muscle* - The **supraspinatus** is primarily involved in the initial **abduction** of the arm and stabilization of the shoulder joint, but it does not significantly contribute to the visible external contour of the shoulder. - Injury to the supraspinatus mainly causes **pain and weakness** with abduction, rather than a visible change in shoulder shape. *Infraspinatus muscle* - The **infraspinatus** is a rotator cuff muscle primarily responsible for **external rotation** of the arm. - Injury to this muscle would cause weakness in external rotation and potentially posterior shoulder pain, but not the noticeable loss of shoulder contour described. *Teres minor muscle* - The **teres minor** is also a rotator cuff muscle assisting in **external rotation** and stabilization of the humeral head. - Similar to the infraspinatus, its injury would impair external rotation and cause posterior shoulder pain, but it doesn't define the overall shape of the shoulder. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A patient after a road traffic accident presents to the emergency room with difficulty in swallowing and slurred speech. Investigations reveal fractures in the occipitotemporal region. Which of the following areas should be tested in order to find the nerve which is involved?

Posterior one-third of tongue. ***Posterior one-third of tongue*** - This symptom complex of **dysphagia** (difficulty swallowing) and **dysarthria** (slurred speech) after trauma to the occipitotemporal region is highly suggestive of damage to **Cranial Nerves IX (Glossopharyngeal)** and **X (Vagus)**. - The **Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)** supplies general and special sensation (taste) to the **posterior one-third of the tongue** [1]. *Anterior two-thirds of tongue* - The **facial nerve (CN VII)** is responsible for taste sensation from the **anterior two-thirds of the tongue** [1]. - General sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is supplied by the **trigeminal nerve (CN V)** via the lingual nerve. *Hard palate* - Sensation to the **hard palate** is primarily supplied by branches of the **trigeminal nerve (CN V)**, specifically the greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves. - Damage to these nerves would primarily affect sensation in the palate, not cause dysphagia and dysarthria. *Soft palate* - The **vagus nerve (CN X)** is responsible for motor innervation to most muscles of the **soft palate**, allowing for its elevation during swallowing and speech. - While soft palate dysfunction can contribute to dysphagia and dysarthria, directly testing sensation here would be less specific than testing the posterior tongue for Glossopharyngeal involvement. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The marked structure develops from which of the following structures?

Supracardinal vein. ***Supracardinal vein*** - The arrow points to the **azygos vein**, which drains the thoracic wall. - The azygos vein is primarily derived from the right **supracardinal vein**. *Anterior cardinal vein* - The anterior cardinal veins contribute to the formation of the **superior vena cava** and internal jugular veins. - They are located more superiorly and drain the head and upper limbs. *Subcardinal vein* - The subcardinal veins are involved in the formation of the **renal veins**, gonadal veins, and a segment of the inferior vena cava. - These veins are found in the abdominal region, inferolateral to the developing kidneys. *Common cardinal vein* - The common cardinal veins fuse to form the **superior vena cava** and enter the sinus venosus. - They are important in the early embryonic stage for collecting blood from the anterior and posterior cardinal veins. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

A 6-month-old boy was brought to the casualty with seizures. The pediatrician tries to do CSF sampling. What are the structures punctured by the pediatrician while piercing through the marked structure?

Accepted Answer

Scalp, dura, arachnoid

Answer

Scalp, epicranium, endocranium and dura

Answer

Scalp, synchondral membrane, dura, arachnoid

Answer

Pericranium, dura, arachnoid

Question 2

Fibers from the marked structure terminate at which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Red nucleus

Answer

Subthalamus

Answer

Inferior olivary nucleus

Answer

Fastigial nucleus

Question 3

A patient who has taken the first COVID vaccine comes for the second dose. An astute nurse noticed that the shoulder was flabby, flat, and was asymmetrical. There was an associated loss of contour of the shoulder joint. Injury to which of the structures might have resulted and was avoidable?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid muscle

Answer

Supraspinatus muscle

Answer

Infraspinatus muscle

Answer

Teres minor muscle

Question 4

A patient after a road traffic accident presents to the emergency room with difficulty in swallowing and slurred speech. Investigations reveal fractures in the occipitotemporal region. Which of the following areas should be tested in order to find the nerve which is involved?

Accepted Answer

Posterior one-third of tongue

Answer

Anterior two-thirds of tongue

Answer

Hard palate

Answer

Soft palate

Question 5

The marked structure develops from which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

Supracardinal vein

Answer

Anterior cardinal vein

Answer

Subcardinal vein

Answer

Common cardinal vein

Question 6

Inferior thyroid artery supplies which of the following structures?

1. Thyroid
2. Parathyroid
3. Esophagus
4. Thymus

Accepted Answer

1,2 and 3

Answer

1 and 2 only

Answer

1,2 and 4 only

Answer

1,2,3 and 4

Question 7

Identify the pelvic diaphragm in the picture given below:

Accepted Answer

1

Answer

2

Answer

3

Answer

4

Question 8

Third part of vertebral artery is related to which of the following ?

Accepted Answer

Posterior arch of atlas (C1)

Answer

Foramen magnum and intracranial course

Answer

Transverse foramen of C6 vertebra

Answer

Transverse foramina of C2-C6 vertebrae

Question 9

Identify the type of marked chromosome in the given karyotype.

Accepted Answer

Acrocentric

Answer

Metacentric

Answer

Telocentric

Answer

Submetacentric

INI-CET 2021 — Anatomy