INI-CET 2018 - Forensic Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: The following image shows: (AIIMS Nov 2018)

Abrasion. ***Abrasion*** - An **abrasion** is a type of wound caused by the skin rubbing or scraping against a rough surface, resulting in the **removal of the superficial layers of the epidermis**. - The image shows a reddened, raw, and sometimes bleeding area where the top layer of skin has been scraped off, which is characteristic of an abrasion. *Imprint* - An **imprint injury** typically refers to a mark left on the skin by an object that has pressed or struck it, leaving a discernible pattern or shape. - The image does not show a distinct pattern or shape indicative of an object pressing against the skin, but rather a diffuse superficial skin loss. *Laceration* - A **laceration** is a deep cut or tear in the skin or flesh, often with irregular edges, caused by a forceful impact or trauma. - The injury in the image is superficial and does not appear to be a deep cut or tear through the skin layers. *Contusion* - A **contusion**, or bruise, is caused by trauma to blood vessels under the skin, resulting in blood leaking into surrounding tissues. - While there might be some underlying bruising, the primary visible injury is the **surface skin loss and raw appearance**, which is not characteristic of a simple contusion. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The following presentation occurs due to? (AIIMS Nov 2018)

Long term ingestion of arsenic in drinking water. ***Long term ingestion of arsenic in drinking water*** - The image shows **hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis** on the palms, often described as "raindrop pigmentation" or diffuse darkening with scattered paler lesions (leukomelanosis). This is a classical dermatological manifestation of **chronic arsenic poisoning**, particularly from contaminated drinking water. - **Arsenicosis** can also cause palmar and plantar keratoses, which can progress to malignant skin lesions over time. *Chronic Copper sulfate poisoning* - Chronic copper poisoning is rare and typically affects the liver, leading to conditions like **cirrhosis** and **hepatitis**, as seen in Wilson's disease. - Skin manifestations from copper poisoning are not typically characterized by the diffuse hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis seen in the image. *Application of mercury ointment* - Topical mercury exposure can cause localized skin irritation, dermatitis, or systemic toxicity with features like **acrodynia** (pink disease) in children, characterized by a pink rash, irritability, and hypertension. - It does not typically lead to the described pattern of diffuse hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis on the palms. *Application of Calotropis* - **Calotropis** (such as *Calotropis gigantea* or *procera*) is a plant known for its toxic latex, which can cause intense local irritation, vesication, or ulceration upon skin contact. - Its effects are primarily acute irritant or allergic reactions and do not produce the chronic skin changes of hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis seen in the image. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Identify the post mortem lividity of the image: (AIIMS Nov 2018)

Suggillation. ***Suggillation*** - Suggillation refers to the extravasation of blood into the tissues due to crushing pressure or trauma, often seen in cases of severe blunt force injury, leaving **diffuse, purplish discoloration.** - In post-mortem examination, a **suggillation** can be distinguished from common **livor mortis** (lividity) by its darker color and by the fact that it is not blanchable under pressure, indicating **capillary rupture and hemorrhage** rather than just pooling of blood. *Tattooing* - Tattooing involves the insertion of **indelible ink** into the dermis of the skin, creating permanent designs. - Tattoos have distinct, often patterned, appearances and would not resemble the **irregular, deep discoloration** of lividity or hemorrhage. *Putrefaction* - Putrefaction is a later stage of decomposition, characterized by the breakdown of tissues by bacteria, producing **gases, discoloration (greenish-black), and foul odors.** - This process is distinct from the **vascular pooling** or **hemorrhage** that forms suggillation; putrefaction typically starts later (after 24-48 hours) and involves more widespread tissue destruction. *Decomposition* - Decomposition is the broader process of decay of organic matter after death, encompassing various stages like **autolysis, putrefaction, and skeletonization.** - While suggillation occurs post-mortem, it is a specific type of **post-mortem bruising** or lividity, distinct from the generalized tissue breakdown and gaseous changes seen in advanced decomposition. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Identify the flowers shown below:

Aconite. ***Aconite*** - The image displays characteristics consistent with **Aconite** (monkshood) flowers, which are typically **dark purple to blue** and have a distinctive **hooded shape**. - Aconite is known for its **highly toxic** alkaloids, especially **aconitine**, which can cause rapid and severe symptoms upon ingestion or skin contact. *Cerbera Thevetia* - **Cerbera Thevetia** (yellow oleander) flowers are typically **yellow or orange** and are bell-shaped, which differs significantly from the flowers shown. - Poisoning from *Cerbera Thevetia* is primarily due to **cardiac glycosides**, leading to symptoms like bradycardia, nausea, and vomiting. *Datura* - **Datura** flowers are typically **large, trumpet-shaped**, and vary in color from white to purple, but lack the distinctive hooded appearance seen in the image. - *Datura* species contain **tropane alkaloids** (e.g., scopolamine, atropine), which cause anticholinergic effects like mydriasis, delirium, and tachycardia. *Nerium Odorum* - **Nerium Odorum** (pink oleander) flowers are typically **pink, red, or white** and have a pinwheel shape with five petals, which does not match the flowers in the image. - Like *Thevetia*, *Nerium Odorum* is toxic due to **cardiac glycosides**, causing similar cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

A female was found dead in her bedroom. The room was not locked from inside. Her blood alcohol value was found to be 350 mg/dL. The picture taken at the post mortem is shown below. The diagnosis is? (AIIMS Nov 2018, AIIMS Nov 2017)

Accepted Answer

Throttling

Answer

Traumatic asphyxia

Answer

Café coronary

Answer

Bansdola

Question 2

The following image shows: (AIIMS Nov 2018)

Accepted Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Imprint

Answer

Laceration

Answer

Contusion

Question 3

The following presentation occurs due to? (AIIMS Nov 2018)

Accepted Answer

Long term ingestion of arsenic in drinking water

Answer

Chronic Copper sulfate poisoning

Answer

Application of mercury ointment

Answer

Application of Calotropis

Question 4

Identify the post mortem lividity of the image: (AIIMS Nov 2018)

Accepted Answer

Suggillation

Answer

Tattooing

Answer

Putrefaction

Answer

Decomposition

Question 5

Identify the flowers shown below:

Accepted Answer

Aconite

Answer

Datura

Answer

Nerium Odorum

Answer

Cerbera Thevetia

Question 6

Identify the correct pair:
i. Mummification
ii. Adipocere
iii. Marbling
iv. Livor mortis

Accepted Answer

i-D, ii-C, iii-B, iv-A

Answer

i-C, ii-D, iii-B, iv-A

Answer

i-C, ii-D, iii-A, iv-B

Answer

i-D, ii-A, iii-C, iv-B

Question 7

Comment on age of the male patient:

Accepted Answer

12-14 years

Answer

5-7 years

Answer

17-19 years

Answer

>25 years

INI-CET 2018 — Forensic Medicine