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FMGE 2018 — Forensic Medicine

Q: Confirmatory test of blood stain:

Spectroscopic test. ***Spectroscopic test*** - The **spectroscopic test** is considered a **confirmatory test** for bloodstains due to its ability to identify the characteristic **absorption spectrum of hemoglobin**. - It specifically detects the presence of **hemoglobin derivatives**, unequivocally confirming the presence of blood. *Kastle-Meyer test* - This is a **presumptive test** for blood, relying on the **peroxidase activity** of hemoglobin. - While sensitive, it can yield **false positives** due to other peroxidase-like substances (e.g., plant material, rust). *Benzidine test* - The **benzidine test** is also a **presumptive test** for blood based on peroxidase activity. - It is **highly sensitive** but has been largely replaced by other tests due to the **carcinogenic nature** of benzidine. *Orthotoluidine test* - Similar to the Kastle-Meyer and benzidine tests, the **orthotoluidine test** is a **presumptive test** that detects the peroxidase activity of hemoglobin. - It can also produce **false positive results** from various oxidizing agents or plant peroxidases. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The most reliable criterion in Gustafson's criteria is:

Transparency of root. ***Transparency of root*** - This criterion, specifically **dentinal translucency**, is considered the most reliable age indicator in **Gustafson's criteria** due to its continuous and predictable increase with age. - The **translucency** results from the deposition of **secondary dentin** and obliteration of dentinal tubules, progressing from the apex towards the crown. *Attrition* - **Attrition** refers to the wear of tooth surfaces, which is highly variable and depends on diet, habits, and dental health, making it an unreliable age indicator. - While it generally increases with age, its rate is subject to many confounding factors. *Root resorption* - **Root resorption** is the progressive loss of tooth structure from the root and can be caused by various factors like trauma, infection, or orthodontic treatment, not solely age. - It is an unpredictable process and not a consistent age-related change. *Periodontosis* - **Periodontosis**, or **periodontal disease**, is inflammation and infection of the supporting structures around the teeth, influenced by oral hygiene and genetics. - While its prevalence may increase with age, it's not a direct and reliable physiological age marker for individuals. [Practice more Forensic Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

2 Previous Year Questions with Answers & Explanations

2

Questions

Q1

Confirmatory test of blood stain:

Q2

The most reliable criterion in Gustafson's criteria is: