FMGE 2018 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Babesiosis is most commonly transmitted by:

Ticks. **_Ticks_** - Babesiosis is a **tick-borne illness** caused by *Babesia* parasites, primarily *Babesia microti* in North America. - The main vector is the **deer tick** (*Ixodes scapularis*), which also transmits **Lyme disease**. *Rats* - Rats are known reservoirs for various diseases (e.g., **hantavirus**, **leptospirosis**), but they are not the primary vectors for babesiosis. - While *Babesia microti* can infect rodents, **direct transmission** to humans from rats is not the most common route. *Sand fly* - Sand flies are vectors for diseases like **leishmaniasis** and **Bartonellosis**. - They are not associated with the transmission of *Babesia* parasites. *Pigs* - Pigs can be reservoirs for certain zoonotic diseases (e.g., **cysticercosis**, **trichinellosis**). - They do not typically serve as vectors for babesiosis transmission to humans. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Provision of services at Suraksha Clinic includes

STI/RTI services. ***STI/RTI services*** - **Suraksha clinics** are specifically designed under the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) to provide comprehensive diagnostic, treatment, and counseling services for individuals with **sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and reproductive tract infections (RTIs)** including HIV. - They focus on promoting sexual health and preventing the spread of STIs through education, awareness, and clinical management. *Blood transfusion safety services* - These services are typically handled by **blood banks** and specialized transfusion medicine departments, focusing on donor screening, blood processing, and safe transfusion practices. - They are not a primary service offered by **Suraksha clinics**, which are geared towards STI/RTI management. *Immunization services* - Immunization services are usually provided at **primary health centers**, pediatric clinics, or through public health campaigns aimed at preventing infectious diseases via vaccination. - While important for public health, they are not the core offering of **Suraksha clinics**. *Diarrhea control services* - Diarrhea control services, including oral rehydration therapy and hygiene education, are typically offered by **general practitioners**, community health workers, and maternal and child health programs. - These are distinct from the specialized focus of **Suraksha clinics** on STI/RTI services. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The recommended upper limit for free residual chlorine in drinking water according to WHO guidelines is:

0.5 mg/L. ***0.5 mg/L*** - The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends maintaining a free residual chlorine level of **0.2-0.5 mg/L** at the point of delivery, with **0.5 mg/L representing the upper end of this recommended range**. - This level provides adequate disinfection throughout the distribution system while minimizing taste and odor complaints. - WHO states there is no health-based upper limit for chlorine, as concentrations used for disinfection are well below levels of health concern, but 0.5 mg/L is commonly cited as the practical upper target for operational purposes. *0.4 mg/L* - While this falls within the acceptable range (0.2-0.5 mg/L), it is not the upper end of the WHO recommended range. - This level provides good disinfection but is not the maximum recommended operational target. *0.2 mg/L* - A free residual chlorine level of **0.2 mg/L** represents the **minimum recommended concentration** at the point of delivery to ensure adequate disinfection. - This is the lower end of the WHO recommended range, not the upper limit. *0.3 mg/L* - This concentration falls in the middle of the WHO recommended range (0.2-0.5 mg/L). - While adequate for disinfection, it is neither the minimum nor the maximum recommended operational level. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following is a method for on-site disposal of domestic wastewater?

Soakage pit. ***Soakage pit*** - A **soakage pit**, also known as a **seepage pit** or **leach pit**, is an underground chamber that allows treated effluent from a septic tank to seep into the surrounding soil. - It is a common and effective on-site method for the **disposal of domestic wastewater**, particularly in rural or unsewered areas. *Activated sludge process* - The **activated sludge process** is a centralized biological wastewater treatment method used in municipal wastewater treatment plants, not typically for on-site domestic disposal. - It involves aerating wastewater in a tank with suspended microorganisms to consume organic pollutants. *Oxidation pond* - An **oxidation pond**, or **stabilization pond**, is a large, shallow basin where wastewater is treated through natural biological and physical processes. - While it treats wastewater, it is typically a **larger-scale** treatment method for communities or industries, rather than a standalone on-site disposal method for individual domestic units. *All of the options* - This option is incorrect because both the activated sludge process and oxidation ponds are generally larger-scale or centralized treatment methods, not practical for individual on-site domestic disposal. - Only the soakage pit is well-suited for **on-site domestic wastewater disposal**. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Disease usually not seen in a country but brought from abroad is:

Exotic. ***Exotic*** - An **exotic disease** refers to a disease that is not native or usually found in a particular country or region but is introduced from abroad. - This term highlights its **foreign origin** and rarity within the local population. *Endemic* - An **endemic disease** is one that is constantly present in a population or region with a relatively stable prevalence within that population. - It describes a disease that is **native** to a specific area, not typically brought from abroad. *Epidemic* - An **epidemic** signifies a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a population over a particular period, substantially exceeding what is normally expected. - While it can be introduced from abroad, the definition focuses on the **rapid spread** rather than the origin itself. *Zoonotic* - A **zoonotic disease** is an infectious disease that has jumped from an animal to humans. - This term describes the **mode of transmission** from animals, not necessarily its geographic origin or whether it's new to a country. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Babesiosis is most commonly transmitted by:

Accepted Answer

Ticks

Answer

Rats

Answer

Sand fly

Answer

Pigs

Question 2

Provision of services at Suraksha Clinic includes

Accepted Answer

STI/RTI services

Answer

Blood transfusion safety services

Answer

Immunization services

Answer

Diarrhea control services

Question 3

The recommended upper limit for free residual chlorine in drinking water according to WHO guidelines is:

Accepted Answer

0.5 mg/L

Answer

0.4 mg/L

Answer

0.2 mg/L

Answer

0.3 mg/L

Question 4

Which of the following is a method for on-site disposal of domestic wastewater?

Accepted Answer

Soakage pit

Answer

Activated sludge process

Answer

Oxidation pond

Answer

All of the options

Question 5

Disease usually not seen in a country but brought from abroad is:

Accepted Answer

Exotic

Answer

Endemic

Answer

Epidemic

Answer

Zoonotic

Question 6

A well of contaminated water resulting in an epidemic of acute watery diarrhea is a typical example for:

Accepted Answer

Common source, single exposure epidemic

Answer

Propagated epidemic

Answer

Slow epidemic

Answer

Common source, continuous exposure epidemic

Question 7

Recommended daily dose of Iodine in a school-age child is:-

Accepted Answer

90-120 ug

Answer

120-200 ug

Answer

30-60 ug

Answer

500 ug

Question 8

Ujjawala scheme is for prevention of

Accepted Answer

Child trafficking

Answer

Child marriage

Answer

Child abuse

Answer

Child labour

FMGE 2018 — Community Medicine