FMGE 2018 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Retraction of scapula is done by

Trapezius. ***Trapezius*** - The **trapezius** muscle, particularly the middle fibers, is responsible for **retracting the scapula**, pulling it medially towards the vertebral column. - This action is crucial for stabilizing the shoulder girdle and enabling various arm movements. *Serratus anterior* - The **serratus anterior** is primarily responsible for **protraction of the scapula** (pulling it forward) and stabilizing it against the thoracic wall. - It also aids in upward rotation of the scapula. *Supraspinatus* - The **supraspinatus** muscle is a rotator cuff muscle involved in the **initiation of arm abduction** (lifting the arm away from the body). - It does not directly contribute to scapular retraction. *Subscapularis* - The **subscapularis** is another rotator cuff muscle, primarily responsible for **internal rotation of the arm** and stabilization of the glenohumeral joint. - It has no direct role in scapular retraction. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Eustachian tube develops from:

1st pharyngeal pouch. ***1st pharyngeal pouch*** - The **Eustachian tube** (also known as the pharyngotympanic tube or auditory tube) develops from the **endoderm** of the first pharyngeal pouch. - This embryonic structure also gives rise to the **tympanic cavity** and the mastoid air cells, forming part of the middle ear. *2nd and 3rd pharyngeal pouch* - The **second pharyngeal pouch** primarily contributes to the development of the **palatine tonsils**. - The **third pharyngeal pouch** is involved in the formation of the **inferior parathyroid glands** and the **thymus**. *3rd pharyngeal pouch* - The **third pharyngeal pouch** specifically differentiates into the **inferior parathyroid glands** and the **thymus**. - It does not contribute to the formation of the Eustachian tube. *2nd pharyngeal pouch* - The **second pharyngeal pouch** is primarily associated with the development of the **palatine tonsils** and the tonsillar fossa. - It does not play a role in the embryological development of the Eustachian tube. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: CSF Otorrhea is due to trauma of:

Petrous temporal bone. ***Petrous temporal bone*** - **CSF otorrhea** (leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the ear) most commonly results from a fracture of the **petrous portion of the temporal bone**. - This bone forms part of the skull base and houses structures of the inner and middle ear, a fracture here can create a direct communication between the **subarachnoid space** and the external ear canal. *Tympanic membrane* - A rupture of the **tympanic membrane** alone would lead to **otorrhea** (ear discharge), but it would primarily involve blood or middle ear fluid, not CSF. - While a ruptured tympanic membrane is necessary for CSF to exit the ear canal, the source of the CSF leak itself is proximal to the middle ear. *Cribriform plate* - A fracture of the **cribriform plate** typically results in **CSF rhinorrhea** (CSF leakage from the nose), as it is located structurally above the nasal cavity. - It is not directly involved in CSF leakage from the ear. *Parietal bone* - Fractures of the **parietal bone** are typically associated with epidural or subdural hematomas or brain injury, depending on the extent of the trauma. - They are not a usual cause of CSF leakage from the ear since this bone does not contain CSF pathways that directly communicate with the ear. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Sensory innervation of the cornea is by which nerve?

5th (ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve). ***5th (ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve)*** - The **trigeminal nerve (CN V)** is responsible for sensory innervation of the face, and its **ophthalmic division (V1)** specifically supplies the cornea. - This extensive sensory innervation explains the **extreme sensitivity of the cornea** to touch, temperature, and chemicals, and is crucial for the **corneal reflex**. *6th (Abducens nerve)* - The **abducens nerve (CN VI)** is a **motor nerve** responsible for innervating the **lateral rectus muscle**, which abducts the eye. - It has no role in the sensory innervation of the cornea. *3rd (Oculomotor nerve)* - The **oculomotor nerve (CN III)** is primarily a **motor nerve** responsible for innervating most of the **extraocular muscles** (superior, inferior, medial recti, inferior oblique) and the **levator palpebrae superioris**. - It also carries **parasympathetic fibers** for pupillary constriction and accommodation, but it does not provide sensory innervation to the cornea. *4th (Trochlear nerve)* - The **trochlear nerve (CN IV)** is a **motor nerve** that innervates the **superior oblique muscle**, which depresses and internally rotates the eye. - It has no function in corneal sensation. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Most medial nucleus of cerebellum is:

Fastigial. ***Fastigial*** - The **fastigial nucleus** is located most **medially** within the cerebellum, closest to the midline in the roof of the fourth ventricle [1]. - It is the most medial of the four deep cerebellar nuclei and is primarily associated with the **vestibulocerebellum** (flocculonodular lobe) [1]. - Functions: Maintains **balance, posture, and coordinated eye movements** via connections to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation [1]. *Dentate* - The **dentate nucleus** is the **largest and most lateral** of the cerebellar nuclei, with a characteristic crumpled sac-like appearance (resembling an olive). - Located deep within the **lateral cerebellar hemisphere** white matter [1]. - Associated with the **neocerebellum** (cerebrocerebellum) and involved in **planning and initiating voluntary movements** via the ventrolateral thalamus to motor cortex [1]. *Emboliform* - The **emboliform nucleus** is elongated and located **medial to the dentate** but **lateral to the globose** nucleus. - Together with the globose nucleus, forms the **interposed nuclei**. - Associated with the **spinocerebellum** and involved in **modulating limb movements** and adjusting ongoing motor activity [1]. *Globose* - The **globose nucleus** consists of rounded cell masses located **medial to emboliform** and **lateral to fastigial** nucleus. - Part of the **interposed nuclei** along with emboliform nucleus. - Functions in **fine-tuning and coordinating ongoing movements**, particularly of distal limbs. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Retraction of scapula is done by

Accepted Answer

Trapezius

Answer

Serratus anterior

Answer

Supraspinatus

Answer

Subscapularis

Question 2

Eustachian tube develops from:

Accepted Answer

1st pharyngeal pouch

Answer

2nd and 3rd pharyngeal pouch

Answer

3rd pharyngeal pouch

Answer

2nd pharyngeal pouch

Question 3

CSF Otorrhea is due to trauma of:

Accepted Answer

Petrous temporal bone

Answer

Tympanic membrane

Answer

Cribriform plate

Answer

Parietal bone

Question 4

Sensory innervation of the cornea is by which nerve?

Accepted Answer

5th (ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve)

Answer

6th (Abducens nerve)

Answer

3rd (Oculomotor nerve)

Answer

4th (Trochlear nerve)

Question 5

Most medial nucleus of cerebellum is:

Accepted Answer

Fastigial

Answer

Dentate

Answer

Emboliform

Answer

Globose

Question 6

Trismus is due to spasm of which of the following muscles

Accepted Answer

Medial pterygoid

Answer

Mentalis

Answer

Lateral pterygoid

Answer

Buccinator

Question 7

Adam's apple seen in boys is because of:

Accepted Answer

Thyroid cartilage

Answer

Tracheal rings

Answer

Hyoid bone

Answer

Cricoid cartilage

Question 8

Winging of scapula is due to paralysis of

Accepted Answer

Serratus anterior

Answer

Rhomboid major

Answer

Trapezius

Answer

Levator scapulae

Question 9

Foot eversion is caused by

Accepted Answer

Peroneus longus

Answer

Tibialis anterior

Answer

Tibialis posterior

Answer

Extensor digitorum

Question 10

Bleeding vessel in hemorrhoids is

Accepted Answer

Superior rectal artery

Answer

Superior rectal vein

Answer

Middle rectal vein

Answer

Middle rectal artery

FMGE 2018 — Anatomy