Renal — Flashcards

Flashcard 281: _____ is defined as distilled water that is free of solutes

Answer: Free water

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki 

Flashcard 282: Edema may be caused by _____ and _____ retention

Answer: sodium

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 283: In principal cells, increased ENaC activity (due to aldosterone) causes increased lumen _____

Answer: negativity

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki 

Flashcard 284: The corticopapillary osmotic gradient is established, in part, by _____

Answer: urea recycling

Flashcard 285: The H+ inside the cells of the early PCT (from H2CO3) is _____ by the Na+-H+ exchanger

Answer: re-secreted (into the lumen)

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephron-transporters?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/sodium/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 286: Proximal renal tubular acidosis is associated with _____-kalemia

Answer: hypo

Extra:   Watch Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-renal-tubular-acidosis-rta?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/acid-base-physiology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki 

Flashcard 287: Which type of photoreceptor is found in the fovea? _____

Answer: Cones

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/eyes?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 288: Chronic hypocalcemia causes secondary _____, which is characterized by increased synthesis and storage of PTH and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands

Answer: hyperparathyroidism

Extra:   * due to chronic stimulation of parathyroids by low calcium, low calcitriol, and high phosphate Watch Parathyroid Gland Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-parathyroid-gland-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 289: Sweating in a desert is a cause of _____-osmotic volume contraction

Answer: hyper

Extra:  * net loss of water > Na+ = hyperosmotic volume Watch Osmolality & Sodium Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-osmolality-and-sodium-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki Other: Goljan 

Flashcard 290: The early distal convoluted tubule is _____ to water (permeability)

Answer: impermeable

Extra:   Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics)  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki