Water balance and osmoregulation — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Both central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are characterized by _____ urine osmolality

Answer: low

Flashcard 2: In addition to ICF and ECF, a small _____ fluid compartment consists of cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, and digestive fluids

Answer: transcellular

Flashcard 3: Aldosterone upregulates _____ channels on the apical membranes of the principal cells, increasing K+ excretion

Answer: K+

Flashcard 4: Which receptor does antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) bind to regulate serum osmolarity?_____

Answer: V2 receptors

Flashcard 5: ADH-activated V2 receptors cause translocation of _____ channels to the renal apical membrane, causing increased reabsorption of free water

Answer: aquaporin 2

Flashcard 6: Aldosterone upregulates _____ on the apical membrane of the principal cells, increasing Na+ reabsorption

Answer: ENaCs

Flashcard 7: The Na+ reabsorption mechanism of the thick ascending limb is _____-dependent (increased Na+ delivery causes increased reabsorption)

Answer: load

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephron-transporters?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki 

Flashcard 8: The corticopapillary osmotic gradient is established, in part, by _____ multiplication

Answer: countercurrent

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 9: The [TF/P]glucose and [TF/P]AA ratios _____ over the course of the PCT

Answer: decrease

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki 

Flashcard 10: The outer rim of the islet of Langerhans contains mostly _____ cells

Answer: alpha

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: