Renal — Flashcards

Flashcard 171: At the _____ flow rates, saliva is most similar to plasma (high Na+ and Cl-, low K+)

Answer: highest

Flashcard 172: What is the effect of hyperglycemia on serum sodium levels? _____

Answer: Decreased (hyponatremia)

Flashcard 173: The thick ascending limb (of Henle) normally reabsorbs approximately _____% of the filtered Na+

Answer: 25

Extra: The thick ascending limb (TAL) reabsorbs ~25% of filtered Na+ via the Na+/K+/2Cl- (NKCC2) cotransporter. It is also known as the "diluting segment" because it is impermeable to water.

Flashcard 174: _____ is a neurotransmitter that may be secreted by cells of the PCT of the nephron

Answer: Dopamine

Flashcard 175: The thin descending limb absorbs water _____

Answer: passively

Flashcard 176: What type of transport mechanism is Na+/glucose cotransport? _____

Answer: Secondary active transport

Flashcard 177: What is the effect of estrogen on bone mineral density? _____

Answer: ↑ bone mineral density

Flashcard 178: Solutes such as NaCl and mannitol do not cross cell membranes and are thus confined to the _____ fluid compartment

Answer: extracellular

Extra: Other: Goljan

Flashcard 179: Where in the nephron is reabsorption isotonic? _____

Answer: PCT

Flashcard 180: What effect does vitamin A deficiency have on the immune system? _____

Answer: Immunosuppression