Antibiotics — Flashcards

Flashcard 31: Quinupristin-dalfopristin is a combination of two synergistic _____ that have activity against VRE

Answer: streptogramins

Flashcard 32: Clindamycin prevents translocation by binding the 50S ribosome and sterically hindering _____

Answer: peptidyl transfer

Flashcard 33: Rifamycins inhibit which bacterial enzyme?\n_____

Answer: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Extra: Rifamycins bind to the β-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, inhibiting RNA synthesis. They do not affect eukaryotic RNA polymerase.

Flashcard 34: Rifabutin _____ cytochrome p450

Answer: induces

Flashcard 35: What gout drug can precipitate the side effects of penicillins? _____

Answer: Probenecid

Flashcard 36: Sulfa drugs are contraindicated in _____, as they can precipitate hemolytic anemia

Answer: G6PD deficiency

Flashcard 37: Linezolid is a weak MAO inhibitor, thus predisposing patients to _____

Answer: serotonin syndrome

Flashcard 38: Which chemotherapeutic drug is used to treat pediatric (childhood) tumors? _____

Answer: Actinomycin D

Flashcard 39: Aminoglycosides can lead to severe decreases in _____ serum concentration, which in prolonged use can eventually precipitate tetany

Answer: Mg2+

Flashcard 40: What structural feature of Penicillins give them their activity? _____

Answer: B-lactam ring

Extra: The beta-lactam core of the molecule irreversibly binds (acetylates) a serine residue of the Transpeptidase active site. Acetylation of this site makes transpeptidases inactive, preventing cross-linking of the newly formed peptidoglycan layer.