Neonatal infections — Flashcards
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Congenital toxoplasmosis presents with _____, characterized by ring-enhancing lesions
Congenital toxoplasmosis presents with _____, characterized by seizures
Erythromycin eye ointment is indicated as prophylaxis for _____ conjunctivitis in the newborn
_____ is the deposition of bilirubin in the brain, especially basal ganglia, causing neurologic deficits and possibly death
Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) causes neonatal meningitis, _____, and pneumonia
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is respiratory distress due to inadequate _____ levels
What is the most common cause of meningitis in neonates? _____
Which cause of neonatal conjunctivitis presents within 7-14 days of birth? _____
In which congenital GI disorder do bacteria invade the colonic wall causing extensive bowel necrosis and death? _____
_____ is an eye complication associated with supplemental O2 therapy in NRDS patients (due to neovascularization)
Neonatal infections US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Neonatal infections with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Neonatal infections Flashcard Deck - 191 Cards
Flashcard 1: Congenital toxoplasmosis presents with _____, characterized by ring-enhancing lesions
Answer: intracranial calcifications
Extra: Watch Toxoplasma gondii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-cns-toxoplasma-gondii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 2: Congenital toxoplasmosis presents with _____, characterized by seizures
Answer: hydrocephalus
Extra: * due to scarring of meninges Watch Toxoplasma gondii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-cns-toxoplasma-gondii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Hydrocephalus [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-cns-toxoplasma-gondii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 3: Erythromycin eye ointment is indicated as prophylaxis for _____ conjunctivitis in the newborn
Answer: gonococcal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 4: _____ is the deposition of bilirubin in the brain, especially basal ganglia, causing neurologic deficits and possibly death
Answer: Kernicterus
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 5: Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) causes neonatal meningitis, _____, and pneumonia
Answer: sepsis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 6: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is respiratory distress due to inadequate _____ levels
Answer: surfactant
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 7: What is the most common cause of meningitis in neonates? _____
Answer: Group B Strep (Streptococcus agalactiae)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 8: Which cause of neonatal conjunctivitis presents within 7-14 days of birth? _____
Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 9: In which congenital GI disorder do bacteria invade the colonic wall causing extensive bowel necrosis and death? _____
Answer: Necrotizing enterocolitis
Extra: Watch Congenital GI Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-congenital-gi-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 10: _____ is an eye complication associated with supplemental O2 therapy in NRDS patients (due to neovascularization)
Answer: Retinopathy of prematurity
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 11: Similar to Rubella, _____ can present with a "blueberry muffin" rash
Answer: CMV
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 12: Newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome may present with high-pitched crying, tremors, and can potentially develop _____
Answer: seizures
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: Which cause of neonatal conjunctivitis presents within 24-48 hrs of birth? _____
Answer: N. gonorrhoeae
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki Infant with gonococcal ophthalmic disease Perinatal transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae may lead to ophthalmia neonatorum (gonococcal ophthalmic disease). The eyelids here are swollen, with purulent exudate forming crusts around them. Below the crusts there may be a large reservoir of pus; when examining the eyes, particular care should be taken and safety goggles should be worn.
Flashcard 14: Which ocular complication is associated with congenital CMV? _____
Answer: Chorioretinitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 15: Does VZV display vertical transmission? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: Watch Varicella zoster virus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-varicella-zoster-virus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/infectious-diseases-of-the-skin?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: What tests are used to diagnose HIV in neonates? _____
Answer: HIV RNA and HIV DNA nucleic acid amplification tests
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: _____ is a CNS complication associated with supplemental O2 therapy in NRDS patients
Answer: Intraventricular hemorrhage
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 18: HSV-_____ commonly causes neonatal herpes
Answer: 2
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/dna-viruses/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 19: Congenital Syphilis is characterized by congenital _____ and sensorineural hearing loss due to CN VIII damage
Answer: deafness
Extra: Watch Treponema pallidum [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-spirochetes-treponema-pallidum?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: Erythromycin is used in neonates with _____ caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (early) or Chlamydia trachomatis D-K (late)
Answer: neonatal conjunctivitis
Extra: Watch Macrolides [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-inhibitors-of-bacterial-protein-synthesis-macrolides?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki Remember to give orally for chlamydia to prevent pneumonia
Flashcard 21: Congenital Syphilis is characterized by _____, or linear scars at angle of mouth
Answer: rhagades
Extra: Watch Treponema pallidum [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-spirochetes-treponema-pallidum?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: What viral infection can present with ventriculomegaly, microcephaly and periventricular calcifications in the brain? _____
Answer: CMV
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: Newborns are routinely given a(n) vitamin K injection in the hospital, thus a risk factor for hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is _____
Answer: home birth
Extra: * Newborn unlikely to receive vitamin K injections during home births Watch Acquired Coagulation Defects [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-acquired-coagulation-defects?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 24: In neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage, bleeding usually originates from the _____, highly vascularized layer of the subventricular zone that starts disappearing at 28 weeks gestation
Answer: germinal matrix
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 25: Newborns that are suffering from ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn can be treated with: _____ Exchange transfusion
Answer: Phototherapy
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/embryology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 26: Group B strep (Streptococcus agalactiae) is part of the natural flora of the GI tract and _____
Answer: vagina
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 27: CMV in newborns can present with blueberry muffin rash, _____ and jaundice
Answer: hepatosplenomegaly
Extra: Watch Cytomegalovirus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-cytomegalovirus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 28: What pulse is associated with the following scores using the Apgar score? 0: _____ 1: _____ 2: _____
Answer: no pulse
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: Which demographic will show normal ALT levels in viral hepatitis? _____
Answer: Neonates (neonatal hepatitis)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 30: Breast milk jaundice causes a(n) _____ hyperbilirubinemia that peaks at age 2
Answer: indirect
Extra: Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: Patients with neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage can present with altered level of consciousness, _____ fontanelle, hypotension, seizures, and coma
Answer: bulging
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: Congenital Syphilis is characterized by _____, or nasal discharge with spirochetes
Answer: rhinitis aka "snuffles"
Extra: Watch Treponema pallidum [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-spirochetes-treponema-pallidum?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 33: What is the best interventional strategy for treatment of neonatal tetanus? _____
Answer: Abx and passive anti-tetanospasmin Ig
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 34: Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes _____ infected neonates can develop neonatal pneumonia, with a characteristic staccato cough and eosino-philia
Answer: D-K
Extra: Watch Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae & Chlamydophila psittaci [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-chlamydia-trachomatis-chlamydophila-pneumoniae-and-chlamydophila-psittaci?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 35: What is the most common cause of viral-associated intellectual disability (in the US)? _____
Answer: CMV
Extra: Watch Cytomegalovirus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-cytomegalovirus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: _____, Toxoplasma, and CMV are 3 ToRCHeS infections that are associated with a "blueberry muffin" rash
Answer: Rubella
Extra: Watch Cytomegalovirus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-cytomegalovirus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 37: Does physiological neonatal jaundice result in unconjugated or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia? _____
Answer: Unconjugated
Extra: Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: Phenobarbital is a first line agent for treatment of seizures in _____
Answer: neonates
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Barbiturates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-barbiturates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: What age demographic is typically affected with Strep agalactiae (GBS)? _____
Answer: Neonates
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 40: Sensorineural deafness is a complication of which congenital (ToRCHeS) infections? _____
Answer: CMV; Rubella; Toxoplasmosis; Syphilis
Extra: Watch Cytomegalovirus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-cytomegalovirus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 41: What is the treatment for physiologic neonatal jaundice? _____
Answer: Non-UV phototherapy
Extra: Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 42: ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn presents with mild _____ in the neonate within 24 hours of birth
Answer: jaundice
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/embryology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 43: _____ is a late (1-2 weeks) ocular infection seen in neonates due to Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K infection during childbirth
Answer: Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Extra: Watch Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae & Chlamydophila psittaci [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-chlamydia-trachomatis-chlamydophila-pneumoniae-and-chlamydophila-psittaci?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 44: Breast _____ jaundice is due to lack of enteral feeding, which leads to slow bile excretion and causes a(n) unconjugated (indirect) hyperbilirubinemia that appears in the 1st week of life
Answer: feeding
Extra: * Infant appears with signs of dehydration vs. normal apperance in breast milk jaundice (presents during first 3-5 days) Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 45: Rash that occurs in neonates; will have + Nikolsky sign: _____
Answer: Scalded-Skin Syndrome
Extra: Watch Staph aureus [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-cocci-staphylococcus-aureus?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/skin-infections/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is associated with _____ due to decreased stress-induced release of fetal glucocorticoids
Answer: C-section delivery
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: _____ is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss
Answer: CMV
Extra: Watch Cytomegalovirus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-cytomegalovirus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: _____ causes diaper rash due to the heat and humidity within a baby's diaper
Answer: Candida albicans
Extra: Watch Candida albicans [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-opportunistic-fungal-infections-candida-albicans?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 49: Which Herpesvirus can present with ventriculomegaly? _____
Answer: CMV
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 50: How does phototherapy treat neonatal jaundice? _____
Answer: Isomerize UCB to water-soluble form
Extra: * converts trans-bilirubin to water soluble cis-bilirubin and aids excretion Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: NRDS may present with _____ (respiratory rate) with use of accessory muscles and grunting
Answer: tachypnea
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: Can Acyclovir be used to treat neonatal HSV? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: NRDS increases risk for persistence of a(n) _____ due to persistently low O2 tension (hypoxemia)
Answer: patent ductus arteriosus
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 54: What is the treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia? - Asymptomatic → _____ - Symptomatic → _____ - Persistent → _____
Answer: oral feeds
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 55: How is epinephrine administered in neonatal CPR? _____
Answer: Catheterization of the umbilical vein
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: Which type of Neonatal Jaundice has total bilirubin increases < 5 mg/dL/day and peaks < 15 mg/dL? _____
Answer: Physiological
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 57: Most common bugs for neonatal sepsis? (3) _____
Answer: GBS, E. coli, Listeria
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: Treatment for neonate with acceptable heart rate (>100), but oxygen saturation below goal? _____
Answer: Increasd FiO2 (blow-by)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 59: What is the likely diagnosis in a 5-day-old baby that did not receive perinatal care and presents with easy bruisability with an elevated prothrombin time? _____
Answer: Vitamin K-deficient bleeding
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 60: Below is an abdominal x-ray of a child with _____
Answer: necrotizing enterocolitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: What is the most common cause of non-hereditary sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children? _____
Answer: Congenital CMV infection
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 62: What is seen on X-ray for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)? _____
Answer: Hypoextended lungs, atelectasis; granular/ground-glass density
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 63: After being dried and stimulated, a newborn should receive suction of the _____ and be placed on the mother's chest
Answer: oropharynx
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 64: Delayed resorption and clearance of alveolar fluid leading to fluid in fissures / perihilar linear streaking on X-ray is suggestive of _____
Answer: TTN
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: Which neonatal soft tissue scalp injury is associated w/ a high risk of hemorrhage and hemorrhagic shock? _____
Answer: Subgaleal hemorrhage
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 66: Unconjugated bilirubin with (+) Coombs Test = _____
Answer: isoimmunization
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/neonatal-jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 67: What is the treatment for newborn gonorrhea infection? _____
Answer: Ceftriaxone single dose IM/IV
Extra:
Flashcard 68: Besides preventing RDS, _____ use decreases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis
Answer: betamethasone (steroid)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 69: Premature baby with bloody diarrhea: _____
Answer: Necrotizing enterocolitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 70: What is the assumed diagnosis in a premature baby with bloody diarrhea? _____
Answer: Necrotizing enterocolitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 71: Total bilirubin > 20 mg/dL in 1-day-old baby is managed with _____
Answer: exchange transfusion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: Which congenital infection is associated with limb hypoplasia, cataracts, and skin scars? _____
Answer: Varicella zoster
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 73: What is the treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia when phototherapy fails? _____
Answer: Exchange transfusions
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: ABO incompatability typically occurs between a mother with blood _____ and an infant with blood _____ which can cause _____
Answer: group O
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: _____ conjunctivitis = days 2-5 and purulent exudate _____ conjunctivitis = days 5-14 and mucoid/watery discharge
Answer: Gonococcal
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Flashcard 76: Spasms/hypertonicity in an infant of a poorly-immunized mother with poor umbilical stump management is suggestive of _____
Answer: neonatal tetanus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 77: Within first 10 mins of birth, with either a pulse <100 or respiratory difficulties (gasping, apnea), what is the next best step in management? _____
Answer: PPV
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 78: What is the preventative treatment for conjunctivitis in a neonate who's mother had chlamydia? _____
Answer: Erythromycin eye ointment
Extra:
Flashcard 79: What is seen for activity in the APGAR score? 0: _____ 1: _____ 2: _____
Answer: No activity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 80: What is the likely diagnosis in a newborn born to a mother with Grave's disease that presents with irritability, tachycardia, and low birth weight? _____
Answer: Neonatal thyrotoxicosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: Which congenital infection is associated with seizure and temporal lobe hemorrhage without evidence of intracranial calcifications? _____
Answer: Herpes simplex virus
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Flashcard 82: Can patients with necrotizing enterocolitis present with yellow, seedy stools? _____
Answer: Yes
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Flashcard 83: Found in a newborn (day 1) _____
Answer: Milia
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Flashcard 84: Test to differentiate between neonatal melena being from baby's blood loss vs. ingested maternal blood? _____
Answer: Apt test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 85: What is the most commonly acquired congenital infection? _____
Answer: Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: Ppx. and treatment of gonorrhea conjunctivitis? _____
Answer: Topical erythromycin and IM third-gen cephalosporin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 87: Immediately after delivery of a vigorous infant, initiate _____ with mom
Answer: skin-skin contact
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Flashcard 88: Neonate that required positive pressure ventilation is now tachypneic? _____ _____
Answer: Pneumothorax
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 89: CPR ratio in neonates? _____
Answer: 3:1 ratio of chest compressions:breaths
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: How does neonatal sepsis classically present? _____
Answer: Temperature instability
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 91: APGAR scores recorded when? Acceptable range of scores? _____
Answer: 1 minute, then 5 and 10 minutes → Continued if needed Acceptable between 7-10/10
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: Mild eyelid swelling with watery, serosanguinous, or mucopurulent eye discharge in a 5-14 day newborn is suggestive of _____
Answer: Chlamydial conjunctivitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: Differential for neonate with tachypnea? (5) _____
Answer: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) Pneumothorax (after requiring PPV) Congenital heart defects Sepsis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 94: What is management of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn? _____
Answer: NPO immediately and start on TPN and IV AB's
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Flashcard 95: What is the correct head position for a neonate on positive pressure ventilation? "_____" position
Answer: sniffing
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Flashcard 96: Neonatal polycythemia may present with respiratory distress due to increased _____
Answer: blood viscosity
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Flashcard 97: What is the likely diagnosis in a preterm newborn that presents with feeding intolerance, abdominal distention, bloody stools, lethargy, and the X-ray below? _____
Answer: Necrotizing enterocolitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 98: What is the first step in routine neonatal resuscitation? _____
Answer: Dry and stimulate the infant
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Flashcard 99: Neonatal circumcision reduces risk of penile inflammatory disorders, such as _____
Answer: balanitis
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Flashcard 100: What must be ruled out on follow-up with neontal hypoglycemia? _____
Answer: Sepsis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 101: Prophylactic ocular topical medication for all newborns for the prevention of: _____
Answer: Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 102: _____ = complication of Listeria monocytogenes seen in neonates with disseminated abscesses/granulomas (liver, lungs)
Answer: Granulomatosis Infantiseptica
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 103: What is the main ddx for a newborn with cataracts (first day of life)? _____
Answer: TORCH infections
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 104: What is management of an infant whose mother has HIV with viral load >1,000 copies/mL? _____
Answer: Multi-drug ART Zidovidine should be administered to the neonate for >6 weeks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 105: Breast _____ jaundice = jaundice during first week of life. Breast _____ jaundice = jaundice persisting beyond first week of life
Answer: feeding
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 106: X-ray/babygram → pneumatosis intestinalis (air in the wall of the bowel) is suggestive of _____
Answer: necrotizing enterocolitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 107: Bilateral, early-onset (2-5 days) purulent discharge from eyes = _____ Unilateral, late-onset (7-12 days) muco-purulent discharge from eyes = _____
Answer: Gonorrhea
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 108: A plasma glucose level of less than _____ mg/dL in the first 24 hours of life and less than _____ mg/dL thereafter constitutes hypoglycemia
Answer: 30
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 109: What is the recommended treatment for an neonate with suspected HSV infection? _____
Answer: Empiric acyclovir
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Flashcard 110: What is considered if baby has persistent or worsening jaundice after 2 weeks of age? _____
Answer: Biliary atresia
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Flashcard 111: What is the diagnosis for neontal hypoglycemia? _____
Answer: Glucose <40 mg/dL
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 112: Newborns with ABO incompatibility are typically asymptomatic at birth or have _____
Answer: mild anemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 113: Treatment of a neonate with physiologic/unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is _____ Treatment of a neonate with severe physiologic/unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is _____
Answer: phototherapy (blue light)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/neonatal-jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 114: No chest rise during administration of PPV to a neonate, next step? _____
Answer: Intubation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 115: _____ blood viscosity in a newborn can cause respiratory distress, cyanosis, hypoglycemia, and plethora
Answer: High
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Flashcard 116: Congenital _____ presents as chorioretinitis, bilateral hydrocephalus, and diffuse intracranial calcifications
Answer: toxoplasmosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 117: Probable underlying etiology of heart rate < 100 in a neonate? < 60? Treatments for both? Pulse 60-100: _____ Pulse < 60: _____
Answer: Likely respiratory → positive pressure ventilation (PPV)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 118: Chlamydia conjunctivitis _____ be prevented by eyedrops
Answer: cannot
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Flashcard 119: Baby < 28 days and fever >100.4 = _____ until proven otherwise
Answer: sepsis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 120: Initial management of mild necrotizing enterocolitis includes supportive care and initiation of _____ due to risk of septic shock
Answer: broad-spectrum IV antibiotics
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/neonatal-icu/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 121: In a newborn patient on ventilation, _____ may present with respiratory distress, unilaterally decreased breath sounds, and increased brightness on transillumination
Answer: pneumothorax
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Flashcard 122: Infants born to moms with chorioamniotitis will appear pale, lethargic, and _____
Answer: febrile
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Flashcard 123: Neonatal circumcision significantly decreases risk of _____ in the first year of life
Answer: urinary tract infections
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Flashcard 124: What is the most likely diagnosis in a newborn with pallor, edema, hepatosplenomegaly, petechiae, and an indirect hyperbilirubinemia? _____
Answer: Rh alloimmunization
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 125: Umbilical artery catheterization → showers of emboli/thrombi → lodge in renal artery → renal artery thrombosis → increased _____
Answer: renin release
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Flashcard 126: _____ jaundice is primarily unconjugated
Answer: Physiologic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 127: Post-term neonate with green amniotic fluid during birth followed by respiratory distress is suggestive of _____ with _____
Answer: meconium aspiration syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Post-term → pass meconium in utero
Flashcard 128: Gestational diabetes = _____calcemia in infant
Answer: hypo
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 129: Treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome includes _____ +/- intubation
Answer: positive pressure ventilation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 130: What is the treatment of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)? _____
Answer: Oxygen if needed, occasionally PPV (CPAP)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 131: _____ = epi-periosteal and crosses suture lines _____ = subperiosteal and does not cross suture lines
Answer: Caput succendaneum
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 132: What is seen on x-ray for transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)? _____
Answer: Hyperexpanded, wet lungs (lungs filled with fluid)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 133: What is the clinical presentation of neontal hypoglycemia? (6) _____
Answer: - (may be asymptomatic) - poor feeding - jitteriness - tremors - seizures - lethargy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 134: Neonate with subperiosteal hematoma that is limited to the cranial suture lines _____
Answer: Cephalohematoma
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Flashcard 135: What is the most common cause of respiratory distress in full-term infants? _____
Answer: Transient tachypnea of the newborn
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Flashcard 136: In a mother with a toxoplasmosis infection, what is given to the newborn at birth? _____
Answer: Pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine + leucovorin
Extra:
Flashcard 137: What neonatal complications are associated with gestational diabetes? _____, polycythemia, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress, hypocalcemia
Answer: Hypoglycemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 138: Neonatal sepsis = _____ or cefotaxime +/- vancomycin
Answer: ampicillin/gentamicin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 139: What is the clinical presentation of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)? _____
Answer: Term neonate delivered by caesarian with grunting/respiratory distress
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 140: How is a diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis confirmed? _____
Answer: X-ray/babygram will show pneumatosis intestinalis (air in wall of bowel)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 141: Acrocyanosis is _____ is newborns up to 2 days old
Answer: normal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 142: Rapid Diagnosis Newborn with macrocephaly, hydrocephalus, diffuse intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis: _____
Answer: Toxoplasmosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 143: Pathological jaundice seen in newborns < _____ hours old
Answer: 24
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 144: What is the likely diagnosis in a preterm newborn that presents with feeding intolerance, abdominal distention, bloody stools, and lethargy? _____
Answer: Necrotizing enterocolitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 145: Initial management of necrotizing enterocolitis includes supportive care and initiation of _____
Answer: broad-spectrum IV antibiotics
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 146: What is the difference in x-rays between transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) vs. respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)? _____
Answer: TTN → wet & hyperexpanded lungs RDS → granular & underexpanded lungs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 147: What is the treatment for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)? _____
Answer: NPO (bowel rest) and IVF and TPN IV antibiotics (G-ve and anaerobes)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 148: Treatment of TTN is _____ Treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is _____
Answer: conservative (e.g. oxygen)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Surfactant may also help
Flashcard 149: Below is a babygram of a patient with _____
Answer: NRDS
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 150: What are the risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia? (4) _____
Answer: LGA SGA IDM IUGR
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 151: Which demographic will show normal ALT levels in viral hepatitis?_____
Answer: Neonates (neonatal hepatitis)
Flashcard 152: NRDS may present with _____ (respiratory rate) with use of accessory muscles and grunting
Answer: tachypnea
Flashcard 153: Vitamin K deficiency may cause neonatal _____
Answer: hemorrhage
Flashcard 154: Congenital Rubella is characterized by a "_____" rash
Answer: blueberry muffin
Flashcard 155: ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn presents with mild _____ in the neonate within 24 hours of birth
Answer: jaundice
Flashcard 156: What is the best interventional strategy for treatment of neonatal tetanus?_____
Answer: Abx and passive anti-tetanospasmin Ig (2)
Flashcard 157: In a baby whose mother had untreated gestational diabetes, upon delivery neonates can develop transient _____
Answer: hypoglycemia
Flashcard 158: Newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome may present with high-pitched crying, tremors, and can potentially develop _____
Answer: seizures
Flashcard 159: Breast milk jaundice causes an _____ hyperbilirubinemia that peaks at age 2
Answer: indirect
Flashcard 160: Hemolytic disease of the newborn is also known as _____
Answer: Erythroblastosis fetalis
Flashcard 161: What GI pathology is associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome due to hypoxemia? _____
Answer: Necrotizing enterocolitis
Flashcard 162: Patients with neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage can present with altered level of consciousness, _____ fontanelle, hypotension, seizures, and coma
Answer: bulging
Flashcard 163: Congential Syphilis is characterized by _____ molars, characterized by enamel outgrowth
Answer: Mulberry
Flashcard 164: Congential Syphilis is characterized by _____, or linear scars at angle of mouth
Answer: rhagades
Flashcard 165: Which cause of neonatal conjunctivitis presents within 24-48 hrs of birth?_____
Answer: N. gonorrhoeae
Flashcard 166: Which cause of neonatal conjunctivitis presents within 7-14 days of birth?_____
Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis
Flashcard 167: What treatment may be used to treat neonatal respiratory distress syndrome after birth? _____
Answer: Artificial surfactant for the infant
Flashcard 168: Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) produces what neonatal respiratory complication?_____
Answer: Neonatal pneumonia
Flashcard 169: Congential Syphilis is characterized by _____, or nasal discharge with spirochetes
Answer: rhinitis aka "snuffles" (... aka ...)
Flashcard 170: Neonatal abstinence syndrome presents with diarrhea, sweating, irritability, and _____ (respiratory rate)
Answer: tachypnea
Flashcard 171: HSV-_____ commonly causes neonatal herpes
Answer: 2
Flashcard 172: Do infants who acquire HBV during birth have elevated liver enzymes?_____
Answer: Minimally (due to underdeveloped immune system)
Flashcard 173: Which intracranial hemorrhage commonly presents in premature infants and low birth weight infants within the first 72 hours of life? _____
Answer: Intraventricular hemorrhage
Flashcard 174: What is the 2nd most common cause of neonatal meningitis?_____
Answer: E. coli
Flashcard 175: Which Herpesvirus can present with ventriculomegaly?_____
Answer: CMV
Flashcard 176: How does phototherapy treat neonatal jaundice?_____
Answer: Isomerize UCB to water-soluble form
Flashcard 177: What viral infection can present with ventriculomegaly and periventricular calcifications in the brain?_____
Answer: CMV
Flashcard 178: Congenital toxoplasmosis presents with _____, characterized by white/yellow scars on the retina
Answer: chorioretinitis
Flashcard 179: Congenital toxoplasmosis presents with _____, characterized by seizures
Answer: hydrocephalus
Flashcard 180: What is the most common cause of meningitis in neonates?_____
Answer: Group B Strep (Streptococcus agalactiae)
Flashcard 181: Newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome may have an uncoordinated _____ reflex
Answer: suckling
Flashcard 182: What is the first type of immunoglobulin produced in a neonate? _____
Answer: IgM
Flashcard 183: What percentage of neonates congenitally infected with CMV are asymptomatic?_____
Answer: 80-90%
Flashcard 184: What is the treatment of neonatal HSV infection?_____
Answer: IV acyclovir
Flashcard 185: Which congenital DNA viral infection can present with blueberry muffin rash?_____
Answer: Congenital CMV
Flashcard 186: Does physiological neonatal jaundice result in unconjugated or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia? _____
Answer: Unconjugated
Flashcard 187: Congenital Rubella is characterized by _____ of the skin
Answer: jaundice
Flashcard 188: Rash that occurs in neonates; will have + Nikolsky sign: _____
Answer: Scalded-Skin Syndrome
Flashcard 189: Similar to Rubella, _____ can present with a "blueberry muffin" rash
Answer: CMV
Flashcard 190: What age demographic is typically affected with Strep agalactiae (GBS)?_____
Answer: Neonates
Flashcard 191: What is the drug of choice for treatment of neonatal conjunctivitis (caused by Neisseria or Chlamydia)? _______
Answer: Erythromycin
Keywords: Neonatal infections flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
Study by Chapter
Early-onset sepsis
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Late-onset sepsis
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Group B streptococcal disease
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Neonatal meningitis
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Congenital TORCH infections
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Neonatal HSV
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Neonatal candidiasis
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Necrotizing enterocolitis
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Omphalitis
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Nursery outbreaks
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Antibiotic stewardship in NICU
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Diagnostic approach to neonatal sepsis
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Maternal factors and neonatal infection risk
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