Congenital defects — Flashcards

Flashcard 511: A continuous, machine-like murmur heard best at the left infraclavicular area is characteristic of:

Answer: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Flashcard 512: Pyloric stenosis may present with visible _____

Answer: peristalsis

Flashcard 513: The most common cause of **epilepsy** in children is typically _____

Answer: Genetic (formerly idiopathic)

Extra: While **febrile seizures** are the most common cause of *seizures* in children overall, **genetic** (idiopathic) factors are the most common cause of *epilepsy* (recurrent unprovoked seizures).

Flashcard 514: Which ventral wall defect is associated with cardiac, GU, neural tube based structural abnormalities?_____

Answer: Omphalocele

Flashcard 515: Which congenital RNA viral infection can present with blueberry muffin rash?_____

Answer: Congenital Rubella

Flashcard 516: What is the most common orthopedic disorder of the hip in newborns?

Answer: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

Flashcard 517: _____ is a congenital malformation characterized by extrusion of abdominal contents through the anterior abdominal wall

Answer: Gastroschisis

Flashcard 518: What is the most common cause of viral-associated mental retardation (in the US)?_____

Answer: CMV

Flashcard 519: Coarctation of the aorta in infants presents as _____ extremity cyanosis, often at birth

Answer: lower

Flashcard 520: _____ is characterized by obstruction of the terminal ileum by thick, viscid meconium, preventing stool passage at birth

Answer: Meconium ileus

Extra: Meconium ileus is most commonly associated with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). It is characterized by thick, viscid meconium that causes obstruction in the terminal ileum. Contrast enema typically shows a microcolon distal to the obstruction.