Congenital heart defects — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ is a congenital heart disease characterized by downward displacement of tricuspid leaflets into the right ventricle

Answer: Ebstein anomaly

Flashcard 2: The infantile form of coarctation of the aorta is associated with _____ syndrome

Answer: Turner

Flashcard 3: Pulmonary Atresia often co-exists with _____ for outflow of RV

Answer: VSD

Flashcard 4: Large ventricular septal defects may present with a harsh, blowing _____ murmur with thrill; and can lead to endocarditis, progressive aortic regurgitation, heart failure, pulmonary HTN, and Eisenmenger syndrome

Answer: holosystolic

Flashcard 5: Most patients with truncus arteriosus have accompanying _____ defect

Answer: ventricular septal

Flashcard 6: A continuous, machine-like murmur heard best at the left infraclavicular area is characteristic of:

Answer: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Flashcard 7: Compared to left-to-right shunts, right-to-left shunts lead to cyanosis at a(n) _____ age

Answer: earlier

Flashcard 8: iodide (lack)

Answer: congenital goiter

Flashcard 9: iodide (excess)

Answer: congenital hypothyroidism

Flashcard 10: What are the most common teratogenic effects of fetal exposure to high-dose X-rays?

Answer: Microcephaly and intellectual disability (mental retardation) in the fetus.

Extra: Ionizing radiation is a known teratogen. The CNS is most sensitive to radiation-induced damage between weeks 8 and 15 of gestation. Other potential effects include growth restriction and eye abnormalities.