Surgical management timing — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ is a congenital heart disease characterized by downward displacement of tricuspid leaflets into the right ventricle

Answer: Ebstein anomaly

Flashcard 2: Is Gastroschisis associated with chromosomal abnormalities?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 3: Pulmonary Atresia often co-exists with _____ for outflow of RV

Answer: VSD

Flashcard 4: What is the most common congenital heart defect? _____

Answer: Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Flashcard 5: Which congenital penile abnormality (hypospadias or epispadias) is more common?_____

Answer: Hypospadias

Flashcard 6: iodide (lack)

Answer: congenital goiter

Flashcard 7: iodide (excess)

Answer: congenital hypothyroidism

Flashcard 8: What are the most common teratogenic effects of fetal exposure to high-dose X-rays?

Answer: Microcephaly and intellectual disability (mental retardation) in the fetus.

Extra: Ionizing radiation is a known teratogen. The CNS is most sensitive to radiation-induced damage between weeks 8 and 15 of gestation. Other potential effects include growth restriction and eye abnormalities.

Flashcard 9: What are the clinical features of Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome?

Answer: Microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails/distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, and mental retardation.

Extra: Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome is caused by in utero exposure to anticonvulsants like phenytoin. Key features include digital hypoplasia (classic finding), cleft lip/palate, and growth deficiency.

Flashcard 10: Define Spina bifida with myelomeningocele:

Answer: Failure of bony spinal canal closure with herniation of meninges and spinal cord through the defect.

Extra: Presentation: Newborn with fluid- and tissue-filled sac protruding from the lower spine. Risk factor: Maternal folate deficiency. Management: Surgical closure.