Congenital defects — Flashcards

Flashcard 391: What will **contrast enema** show in Hirschsprung's?\n_____

Answer: dilated proximal colon (normal part) and narrow/normal-caliber distal colon (abnormal part)

Extra: In Hirschsprung's disease, the aganglionic segment (usually distal) cannot relax, appearing narrow or normal in diameter. The proximal normally-innervated colon becomes dilated due to functional obstruction. This creates a "transition zone" on contrast imaging.

Flashcard 392: Laryngomalacia improves in the _____

Answer: prone

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 393: _____ presents with a continuous, "machine-like" murmur with crescendo peaking at S2, heard best at the left infraclavicular area.

Answer: PDA

Flashcard 394: Clinical Presentation Male child, recurrent infections after 6 months, no mature B cells _____

Answer: Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki  

Flashcard 395: - Systolic - Grade 1-2/6 - Decreases with standing/valsalva _____ murmur in a child

Answer: Benign

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 396: Blue-dot sign is seen in _____

Answer: appendix testes torsion

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 397: Pyloric stenosis typically presents with _____, projectile vomiting (bilious or nonbilious)

Answer: nonbilious

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 398: Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is associated with _____ syndrome; usually arises before the age of 5

Answer: Down

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 399: What does "double-bubble" sign on babygram indicate? _____

Answer: Duodenal atresia, annular pancreas, or malrotation

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 400: Macrocephaly, tense fontanelle, and a positive sunset eye sign are suggestive of _____

Answer: hydrocephalus

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki