Screening tests — Flashcards
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cervical dysplasia/squamous cell carcinoma
Worldwide, _____ cancer is the most common gynecologic tumor.
secondary prevention (epidemiology)
Ovarian surface epithelial tumors typically present _____ and therefore have _____ prognosis
What is the key risk factor for Cervical Carcinoma? _____
Spontaneous, unilateral serosanguinous nipple discharge is followed up with _____ and _____
Hint: imaging
Fibrocystic change presents as a '_____' breast that may be painful
A pap smear is performed by scraping cells at the _____ of the cervix
Primary amenorrhea is defined by absence of menarche by age _____
Low levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP) are seen in Trisomy _____ and decreased levels are seen in Turner Syndrome
Screening tests US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Screening tests with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Screening tests Flashcard Deck - 272 Cards
Flashcard 1: cervical dysplasia/squamous cell carcinoma
Answer: HPV 16, 18
Extra: koilocytes (enlarged, hyperchromatic epithelial cells) on Pap smear. (normal left, abnormal right) multiple sexual partners, smoking, early age of firts intercourse, HIV infection may progress to invasive carcinoma
Flashcard 2: Worldwide, _____ cancer is the most common gynecologic tumor.
Answer: cervical
Flashcard 3: secondary prevention (epidemiology)
Answer: early detection (e.g. Pap smear)
Flashcard 4: Ovarian surface epithelial tumors typically present _____ and therefore have _____ prognosis
Answer: late
Extra: Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 5: What is the key risk factor for Cervical Carcinoma? _____
Answer: High-risk HPV (16, 18, 31, 33)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki Other: - smoking - starting sexual intercourse at a young age - immunodeficiency (e.g. HIV infection)
Flashcard 6: Spontaneous, unilateral serosanguinous nipple discharge is followed up with _____ and _____
Answer: mammography → ultrasound
Extra: * vascular connection to the tumor that is not present normally; connects papilloma to duct wall Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 7: Fibrocystic change presents as a '_____' breast that may be painful
Answer: lumpy
Extra: * Often co-occurs with breast cysts Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 8: A pap smear is performed by scraping cells at the _____ of the cervix
Answer: transformation zone
Extra: Watch Cervical Neoplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-cervical-neoplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 9: Primary amenorrhea is defined by absence of menarche by age _____
Answer: 15
Extra: Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 10: Low levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP) are seen in Trisomy _____ and decreased levels are seen in Turner Syndrome
Answer: 21 (Down's)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/high-yield-genetic-disorders?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 11: Vulvar carcinoma may be caused by two pathways: _____ related or _____ related
Answer: HPV
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 12: When performing a maternal serum quadruple screen, accurate estimation of _____ is very important to determine whether levels of analytes are abnormal
Answer: gestational age
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: The symptoms/complications of menopause may be remembered with the mnemonic "HAVOCS": H: _____, _____ AV: Atrophy of the Vagina O: Osteoporosis C: Coronary artery disease S: Sleep disturbances
Answer: Hot flashes
Extra: Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Osteoporosis & Paget Disease of Bone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: What demographic is most commonly associated with HPV related vulvar carcinoma? _____
Answer: Women of reproductive age (< 50 years old)
Extra: Watch Vulvar & Vaginal Lesions [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-vulvar-and-vaginal-lesions?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 15: Anovulatory cycles lead to the break down and shedding of proliferative glands resulting in abnormal _____
Answer: uterine bleeding
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: Condylomas _____ progress to carcinoma
Answer: rarely
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: What is the percent chance of reversal back to normal cervical epithelium in CIN III? _____
Answer: Slim, but still possible
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 18: Pregnant patients with a positive culture of what microbe receive intrapartum penicillin prophylaxis? _____
Answer: Streptococcus agalactiae
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 19: Risk factors of endometrial carcinoma from the hyperplasia pathway are related to _____ exposure
Answer: estrogen
Extra: * (Estro-grow right next to cancer crag sign) Watch Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) & Endometriosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-aub-and-endometriosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: _____ cyst is the most common ovarian mass in young women
Answer: Follicular
Extra: Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 21: In female infertility testing; levels of _____ can be used to determine ovarian reserve
Answer: anti-müllerian hormone (MIF)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: What is used to confirm the diagnosis of a suspected struma ovarii (subtype of cystic teratoma) after pelvic ultrasound? _____
Answer: Pelvic radioimaging (shows uptake of iodine-123 or iodine-131)
Extra: * "green glow" Watch Ovarian Neoplasms (Germ Cell & Sex Chord Stromal Tumors) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-neoplasms-germ-cell-and-sex-cord-stromal-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Ovarian Neoplasms (Germ Cell & Sex Chord Stromal Tumors) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-neoplasms-germ-cell-and-sex-cord-stromal-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: The presence of withdrawal bleeding with a(n) _____ challenge excludes anatomic defects (e.g. Asherman syndrome) and chronic anovulation without estrogen
Answer: progestin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 24: Pap smears are used to detect _____ before it becomes carcinoma
Answer: cervical dysplasia (CIN)
Extra: - cervical cells from area of the transformation cell are scraped using a brush and analyzed under a microscope; abnormal pap smear is collowed by a confirmatory colposcopy / biopsy - this is a form of secondary disease prevention; limitations include inadequate sampling of transformation zone and limited efficacy in screening for adenocarcinoma Watch Cervical Neoplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-cervical-neoplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 25: Should you screen universally for substance abuse in pregnant patients? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 26: Fibroadenoma is most common in women _____ 35 years old
Answer: under
Extra: Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 27: What demographic is most commonly associated with cervical carcinoma? _____
Answer: Middle-aged women (average age is 40-50 years)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 28: How do levels of AFP change in a fetus with neural tube defects? _____
Answer: Increased
Extra: Watch Neural Tube Defects, Holoprosencephaly, Chiari Malformation & Syringomyelia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-congenital-and-neurocutaneous-neural-tube-defects-holoprosencephaly-chiari-malformation-and-syringomyelia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: What is a possible adverse effect associated with performing chorionic villus sampling before 9 weeks? _____
Answer: Limb defects
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 30: _____ is a dysplastic pre-cancerous lesion of the cervix that commonly manifests following the loss of the tumor suppressors p53 and Rb following HPV infection
Answer: Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)
Extra: Watch Human papillomavirus (Papillomaviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-human-papillomavirus-papillomaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Cervical Neoplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-human-papillomavirus-papillomaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: What is the most common gynecologic cancer worldwide? _____
Answer: Cervical (due to lack of screening or HPV vaccination)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: What kind of discharge is seen with Gonorrhea? _____
Answer: Creamy, white, purulent discharge
Extra: Watch Neisseria gonorrhoeae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-cocci-neisseria-gonorrhoeae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 33: One test for fetal lung maturity is the surfactant:_____ ratio in the amniotic fluid
Answer: albumin
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 34: In testing for infertility; ovulatory function may be gauged by testing mid luteal phase serum _____ level
Answer: progesterone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 35: What is the gold standard procedure for screening for Cervical Carcinoma? _____
Answer: Pap Smear
Extra: Watch Human papillomavirus (Papillomaviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-human-papillomavirus-papillomaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: How does non-proliferative fibrocystic change of the breast present symptomatically in premenopausal women? _____
Answer: Cyclic mastalgia (breast pain)
Extra: Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 37: Gardnerella vaginalis _____ change the vaginal pH
Answer: does
Extra: Watch Candida albicans [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-opportunistic-fungal-infections-candida-albicans?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: What is the extent of epithelial involvement by immature dysplastic cells in CIN II? _____
Answer: less than 2/3
Extra: Watch Cervical Neoplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-cervical-neoplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: Down syndrome may present with _____ nuchal translucency on ultrasound
Answer: increased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/high-yield-genetic-disorders?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 40: Down syndrome presents with _____ estriol
Answer: decreased
Extra: Watch Down Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-clinical-genetics/videos/medical-biochemistry-clinical-genetics-trisomy-diseases-downs-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/high-yield-genetic-disorders?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 41: In female infertility testing; saline infusion sonohysterography is the preferred method of diagnosing abnormalities of the _____
Answer: uterine cavity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 42: What serum tumor marker is useful for monitoring treatment response and recurrence of ovarian neoplasms? _____
Answer: CA-125
Extra: Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki May also be used as part of the initial workup for postmenopausal women with suspected ovarian cancer because the other conditions that cause elevated CA-125 are pre-menopausal conditions (endometriosis, fibroids)
Flashcard 43: What is the most common cause of Vaginal Carcinoma? _____
Answer: High-risk HPV subtypes (16, 18, 31, 33)
Extra: Watch Human papillomavirus (Papillomaviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-human-papillomavirus-papillomaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/dna-viruses/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 44: After a hydatidiform mole, patients should monitor _____ levels to ensure adequate mole removal and to screen for development of choriocarcinoma
Answer: hCG
Extra: Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 45: What is the percent chance of reversal back to normal cervical epithelium in CIN II? _____
Answer: 33% reversal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: The four components of a prenatal quad screen are: 1. _____ 2. hCG 3. Estriol 4. Inhibin A
Answer: AFP
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/genetic-screening/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: Can a patient have viable sperm in their ejaculate in the months after vasectomy? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: An abnormal pap smear is followed by confirmatory _____ (visualization of cervix with a magnifying glass) and _____
Answer: colposcopy
Extra: Watch Cervical Neoplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-cervical-neoplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 49: Cervical carcinoma may present with abnormal vaginal _____ or cervical discharge
Answer: bleeding (often postcoital)
Extra: Watch Cervical Neoplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-cervical-neoplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 50: Endometrial hyperplasia typically presents as _____ uterine bleeding
Answer: postmenopausal
Extra: * light menstrual bleeding/heavy bleeding in pre-menopausal women Watch Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) & Endometriosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-aub-and-endometriosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: Normal levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP) are seen in Trisomy _____
Answer: 13 (Patau)
Extra: Watch Edwards & Patau Syndromes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-clinical-genetics/videos/medical-biochemistry-clinical-genetics-trisomy-diseases-edwards-and-patau-syndromes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/high-yield-genetic-disorders?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: _____ is usually preceded by 4-5 years of abnormal menstrual cycles
Answer: Menopause
Extra: Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: Screening for cervical carcinoma is performed via _____
Answer: pap smears
Extra: Watch Cervical Neoplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-cervical-neoplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 54: HPV-related vulvar carcinoma is most commonly due to HPV types _____ and _____
Answer: 16
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 55: What is the percent chance of reversal back to normal cervical epithelium in CIN I? _____
Answer: 66% reversal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: A patient presents with uterine bleeding and a precancerous endometrial biopsy. Suspected diagnosis: _____ Treatment: _____
Answer: Endometrial hyperplasia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 57: Chorionic villus sampling may be performed between _____ to _____ weeks
Answer: 10
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: What is the next step in management for an afebrile woman that experiences relief of symptoms following aspiration of clear fluid from a simple breast cyst? _____
Answer: Repeat breast examination in 2 - 4 months
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 59: Cervical conization for CIN3 + negative surgical margins = _____
Answer: repeat Pap and HPV cotesting at 1 and 2 years
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 60: Primary dysmenorrhea occurs at the midcycle of the menstrual cycle _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: Pregnant Pt with elevated AFP. Next step? _____
Answer: Fetal ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 62: Age > 25 with CIN3 on coloposcopy is managed with _____
Answer: ablate (conization, LEEP)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 63: Gardnerella vaginalis _____ change the vaginal pH
Answer: does
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 64: Patient presents with post-coital bleeding. Suspected cancer: _____
Answer: Cervical cancer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: Mammography screening for breast cancer starts at age 55 _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 66: Cervicitis Mucopurulent discharge = _____ Purulent discharge = _____
Answer: Chlamydia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 67: What cancer(s) are associated with atypical glandular cells on Pap testing? _____
Answer: Cervical and endometrial adenocarcinoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 68: Chlamydia screenings should be done on sexually active women age: _____
Answer: 24 years or younger
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 69: _____
Answer: C
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 70: An abnormally elevated msAFP suggests a neural tube defect or multiple gestation, and warrants _____
Answer: fetal ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 71: Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is used to diagnose atypical glandular cells (AGC) on Pap test _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: What is the next step in management for an elderly woman that presents with bloody, malodorous discharge and an irregular vaginal lesion? _____
Answer: Biopsy of the lesion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 73: Oral contraceptives are associated with decreased risk for _____ and _____ cancer
Answer: ovarian
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: How often should women aged 30-65 at high risk for HPV receive cervical cancer screenings that is hrHPV testing alone: _____
Answer: Every 5 years
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: What is the next best step in management if you have a positive ectocervix finding and negative endocervix finding upon colposcopy? _____
Answer: Local destruction (LEEP/Cryoablation)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 76: Rapid Diagnosis: secondary amenorrhea If β-hCG is negative, follow with _____
Answer: serum FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/secondary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 77: What is the next step in management for a postmenopausal woman with an incidentally discovered ovarian cyst on ultrasound? _____
Answer: Measure CA-125 levels
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 78: Oral contraceptives are contraindicated in women > _____ that use tobacco
Answer: 35
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 79: Thin, white vulvar lesions with parchment-like skin = _____
Answer: lichen sclerosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 80: What is the recommended management for a 21-year-old woman with atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) discovered on Pap testing and positive HPV testing? _____
Answer: Repeat cytology in 12 months
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: A nonstress test assesses the fetal well-being by measuring the heart for both _____ and _____
Answer: accelerations
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 82: Women aged 21-29 should receive what type of cervical cancer screening: _____
Answer: Cervical cytology only
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 83: Do you continue Pap smear screening in a pt w/ a hysterectomy w/ removal of the cervix? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: STI prophylaxis regimens following a sexual assault commonly contain: - _____ - _____ - _____
Answer: ceftriaxone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 85: Follow up abnormal first-trimester combined screen with quadruple screen _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/genetic-screening/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: HbA1c is measured at the initial prenatal visit _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 87: When is an increased AFP in pregnancy normal? _____
Answer: Multiple gestation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 88: Dyspareunia and pruritus in a postmenopausal woman with a white vulvar plaque on pelvic examination indicates a diagnosis of _____
Answer: lichen sclerosus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 89: What is the recommended management for a 21-year-old woman with atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) discovered on Pap testing and negative HPV testing? _____
Answer: Routine screening
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: - Pap smear should be performed every _____ in women 21–29 years of age - Women 30–65 years should either continue a Pap smear alone _____ or preferably a Pap test and HPV test (co-testing) every _____
Answer: 3 years
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 91: Diagnosis of fetomaternal hemorrhage is done by the _____ test
Answer: Kleihauer-Betke
Extra:
Flashcard 92: Ultrasound description of a simple cyst: _____ Ultrasound description of a complex cyst: _____
Answer: adnexal mass w/ smooth, small cyst w/o septations (unilocular)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: Immunocompromised individuals should get a pap smear done every _____ until 3 normal pap smears then do it every 3 years
Answer: year
Extra:
Flashcard 94: What is the likely diagnosis in a postmenopausal woman that presents with vulvar itching and thin, dry, white plaque-like vulvar skin? _____
Answer: Lichen sclerosus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: What is the management of a postmenopausal woman with a uterine polyp? _____
Answer: Polypectomy
Extra:
Flashcard 96: Progestin challenge test → no/minimal bleeding _____
Answer: Low estrogen levels
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 97: What should be done with cervical leukoplakia (white plaque)? _____
Answer: Biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 98: Pregnant woman with elevated AFP. Next step? _____
Answer: U/S
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 99: Karyotyping of a fetus after delivery is obtained through a(n) _____
Answer: tissue sample
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 100: What is the next step in diagnosis for a woman that presents with stress urinary incontinence with an irregularly enlarged uterus on physical exam? _____
Answer: Pelvic ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 101: Why shouldn't speculum examinations be performed in prepubertal girls? _____
Answer: Narrow vaginal introitus, sensitive hymenal tissue (d/t low estrogen levels)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 102: _____ cancer often presents as abnormal vaginal bleeding with cervical ulceration
Answer: Cervical
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 103: Sliding sign test is used to diagnose _____
Answer: endometriosis
Extra:
Flashcard 104: Screening for intimate partner violence against women occurs at what age range: _____
Answer: Reproductive age
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 105: Which type of ovarian cancer subtype is associated with ovulation in its pathogenesis? _____
Answer: Surface epithelial cancer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 106: What is the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women? _____
Answer: Atrophic vaginitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 107: What is the likely diagnosis in a postmenopausal woman that presents with vaginal pruritus/dryness, dysuria/dyspareunia, and increased urinary frequency and urgency? Urinalysis is normal. _____
Answer: Atrophic vaginitis (genitourinary syndrome of menopause)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki urinary symptoms can mimic UTI therefore urinalysis and urine culture are needed to rule out concurrent infection
Flashcard 108: _____ is indicated for all women >45 with postmenopausal or abnormal uterine bleeding
Answer: Endometrial biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 109: Indications for cell-free fetal DNA testing at >10wks gestation: - Maternal age _____ - Abnormal maternal serum screening test - Sonographic findings associated with fetal aneuploidy - Previous pregnancy with fetal aneuploidy - Parental balanced Robertsonian translocation
Answer: >35
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/genetic-screening/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 110: A PPD skin test is not routinely recommended as part of prenatal care _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 111: Trichomonas vaginalis symptoms include a(n) _____ cervical discharge
Answer: yellow-green
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 112: What screening test is used to determine if an Rh(D)- pregnant woman has already alloimmunized? _____
Answer: Antibody screen (indirect Coombs test)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 113: What are five common possible causes for a ddx. of secondary dysmenorrhea? _____
Answer: Endometriosis PID IUD Uterine leiomyoma Adenomyosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 114: What is the best screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus? _____
Answer: 50-g 1-hour GCT
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki more sensitive than a fasting glucose
Flashcard 115: What is the recommended management for women age 25 and older with atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) discovered on Pap testing and positive HPV testing? _____
Answer: Colposcopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 116: What is the likely diagnosis in a young sexually active woman that presents with multiple papular lesions around the vagina? Some lesions bleed with manipulation. _____
Answer: Condylomata acuminata (genital warts)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 117: Evaluation of atypical glandular cells on Pap test in women ≥ 35 includes colposcopy, _____, and endometrial biopsy
Answer: endocervical curettage
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 118: A serum FSH level is required for diagnosis of menopause _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 119: Down syndrome presents with _____ hCG and inhibin A
Answer: increased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/genetic-screening/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 120: Increased cervical cancer is a known risk factor of OCPs _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 121: Cervical cancer with visible lesion is managed with _____
Answer: cervical biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 122: Indications for endometrial biopsy include abnormal uterine bleeding in women age < 45 with _____ and/or _____
Answer: obesity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 123: If a postmenopausal woman presents with an adnexal mass, it is likely a(n) _____
Answer: epithelial tumor
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 124: If the patient has already had a total hysterectomy and no history of cervical neoplasia, she can stop getting pap smears _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 125: Endometrial polyps often present with _____ without uterine enlargement
Answer: intermenstrual spotting
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 126: What is the gold standard test for male factor infertility? _____
Answer: Semen analysis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 127: What is the treatment for epithelial cell cancer (post-menopausal)? _____ and paclitaxel chemotherapy
Answer: TAH and BSO
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 128: Age < 45 w/ abnormal uterine bleeding and failed OCPs is managed with _____
Answer: endometrial biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 129: A progesterone withdrawal test is used to evaluate secondary amenorrhea _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 130: What is the next best step in management of a premenopausal patient with a complex cyst on TVUS? _____
Answer: Biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 131: Following resection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, patients with positive surgical margins require _____
Answer: repeat resection or hysterectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 132: _____ = ↑ risk of vulvar cancer
Answer: Lichen sclerosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 133: What is the management of a woman with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia shown in her endometrial biopsy? _____
Answer: Progestins
Extra:
Flashcard 134: The risk of developing breast cancer is directly correlated with lifetime exposure to _____
Answer: estrogen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 135: For women aged 21-29, how often should they receive cervical cancer screenings: _____
Answer: Every 3 years
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 136: What is the next step in management for a woman that presents with a thin, white plaque suspicious for lichen sclerosus (itchy)? _____
Answer: Vulvar punch biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 137: Recommended screening mammography for women should be done: _____
Answer: Every 2 years
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 138: What is the next best step in management if pt has an abnormal Pap smear? _____
Answer: Colposcopy to get ectocervical biopsy and endocervical curettage
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 139: ASCUS and HPV (+) -- what is best next step? _____
Answer: Colposcopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 140: Is routine screening for toxoplasmosis in pregnant women recommended? _____
Answer: No
Extra:
Flashcard 141: What ultrasound finding is typical for an ovarian endometrioma? _____
Answer: Homogenous cystic mass
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 142: In identifying fetal risk for anemia, what titer of atypical antibodies in the mother's circulation is concerning? _____
Answer: ≥ 1:8
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/alloimmunization/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 143: At what time do pregnant women need to be screened/cultured for GBS? _____
Answer: 35 weeks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-labor/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 144: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (atrophic vaginitis) = _____ UTIs and dysuria
Answer: ↑
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 145: What is the likely diagnosis in a women age < 30 with a well-circumscribed, firm, mobile breast mass with sharp edges? _____
Answer: Fibroadenoma (benign)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 146: In utero, Down syndrome is associated with _____ femur length, _____ fifth digits, clinodactyly, and a(n) _____ nasal bone
Answer: short
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 147: Why is HPV cotesting not recommended for ages 21-29? _____
Answer: Most HPV infections spontaneously clear in these pts
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 148: What is the next step in management for a pregnant patient with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion discovered on Pap testing? _____
Answer: Immediate colposcopy ± biopsy (safe during pregnancy)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki cervical excision is needed if invasive cancer is found; if the transformation zone (squamocolumnar junction) is not visualized during colposcopy, an endocervical curettage may be deferred until after pregnancy
Flashcard 149: What is the most effective treatment for menopausal hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness? _____
Answer: Hormone replacement therapy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 150: Is endometriosis diagnosed through transabdominal ultrasound? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 151: Is a female who has recently had unprotected intercourse during early follicular phase and a negative pregnancy test at risk of unintended pregnancy? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 152: Asymptomatic pregnant women should be tested for gestational diabetes mellitus after what week of gestation: _____
Answer: 24 weeks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 153: Hysterosalpingogram is used in the diagnosis of PID _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 154: Risk of endometrial cancer _____ with exposure to estrogen and _____ with exposure to progesterone
Answer: increases
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 155: What is the protocol for women with BRCA1/2 genes for preventing ovarian cancer? _____
Answer: Screen annually with TVUS and CA-125
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 156: Postmenopausal bleeding = _____ and TVUS/endometrial biopsy
Answer: Pap smear
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 157: Screening for gonorrhea in sexually active women starts at what age or younger? _____
Answer: 25-years-old
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 158: Following resection of high-grade CIN, patients with negative surgical margins require _____ at 1 and 2 yrs
Answer: Pap smear/HPV testing
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 159: Endometrial cells on Pap smear in women > 45 is managed with _____
Answer: endometrial biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 160: Quad screening is done in the _____ trimester
Answer: second (13-28)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/genetic-screening/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 161: What is the gold standard method for diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)? _____
Answer: Colposcopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 162: Patients with suspected premenstrual syndrome (PMS) should record a(n) _____ to aid in diagnosis
Answer: symptom/menstrual diary
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 163: At what age should women start receiving cervical cancer screenings: _____
Answer: 21-years-old
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 164: What is the likely diagnosis in a post-menopausal woman that presents with chronic pelvic pain and a solid ovarian mass with thick septations and ascites on ultrasound? _____
Answer: Epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 165: Hormone replacement therapy (E+P) for vasomotor postmenopausal symptoms increases the risk for _____ cancer
Answer: breast
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 166: All pregnant women should be screened for HIV, including those who present in labor who are untested and whose HIV status is unknown _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 167: What is the preferred initial imaging modality for suspected gynecological tumors? _____
Answer: Pelvic ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 168: The best initial test for ovarian cancer after palpating for adnexal mass is always _____
Answer: transvaginal ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 169: CA-125 is more useful in _____-menopausal women
Answer: post
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 170: In testing for gestational diabetes, if the 1-hour glucose challenge test reveals a glucose of _____, then move to the _____
Answer: >140
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 171: What is the next best step in management if you have a Pap smear revealing ASCUS? _____ OR _____
Answer: Increase Pap smear to q6 months
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 172: How often should women aged 30-65 receive cervical cancer screenings that cotest hrHPV testing and cytology: _____
Answer: Every 5 years
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 173: Is screening for CMV recommended for all pregnant women? _____
Answer: No
Extra:
Flashcard 174: What are the recommended screening guidelines for a Pap smear in patients with average risk of cervical cancer? _____
Answer: 21, q3y
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/epidemiology-and-stats/screening/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 175: How often should routine Pap smear screening be performed between 30-65 y/o? _____
Answer: q3y with pap/cytology alone or q5y if co-tested with HPV
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 176: What initial test is used to determine the dose of anti-D immune globulin? _____
Answer: Rosette test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 177: _____ of the breast typically presents as an ill-defined, firm breast mass with overlying skin thickening or retraction
Answer: Fat necrosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 178: ↑ AFP = _____ defects, _____ defects, and _____
Answer: neural tube
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 179: Which gynecological cancer presents with bloating, lower abdominal pain/pressure, and urinary frequency/urgency? _____
Answer: Ovarian cancer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 180: What is the initial screening test of choice for fetal aneuploidy in pregnant women at > 10 weeks gestation with high-risk factors (e.g. age ≥ 35)? _____
Answer: Cell-free fetal DNA testing
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 181: What is the next step in management for a premenopausal woman with a palpable adnexal mass on physical exam? _____
Answer: Pelvic ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 182: HSIL lesion on Pap. Next step? _____
Answer: Immediate colposcopy or LEEP
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 183: Women age <45 do not have endometrial cells reported on their Pap tests because this is a common, benign finding _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 184: What type of ovarian cancer would you suspect in a teenage girl with asymptomatic mass? _____
Answer: Germ cell cancer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 185: What is the underlying pathophysiology that results in increased susceptibility to gonorrheal/chlamydial infection in younger patients? _____
Answer: Increased cervical cell vulnerability to infection
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 186: Elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is associated with _____ defects, _____ defects, and _____
Answer: neural tube
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 187: Inadequate colposcopy (e.g. SCJ not fully visualized) is managed with _____
Answer: cone biopsy / endocervical curettage
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 188: What is the likely diagnosis in a women age > 30 with a well-circumscribed, soft, mobile breast mass? _____
Answer: Breast cyst (benign)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 189: What is seen in a positive progestin challenge in the workup of secondary amenorrhea? _____
Answer: Withdrawal bleeding
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/secondary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 190: How often should women aged 30-65 receive cervical cancer screenings that is cytology only: _____
Answer: Every 3 years
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 191: What is the next step in management of a positive first-trimester combined test or second-trimester quadruple screen? _____
Answer: Chorionic villus sampling (10-13 weeks) or amniocentesis (15-20 weeks)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/normal-prenatal-care/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 192: Woman present with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) lesion on Pap -- best next step? _____
Answer: Immediate colposcopy or LEEP
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 193: Indications for endometrial biopsy include abnormal uterine or postmenopausal bleeding in women age ≥ _____
Answer: 45
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 194: Sonohysterography (saline-infusion ultrasound) is used for detecting _____ fibroids, the most common type to cause abnormal bleeding / pregnancy loss
Answer: submucosal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 195: What is the recommended screening for asymptomatic patients at average-risk of ovarian cancer? _____
Answer: No screening recommended
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 196: The _____ ratio in amniotic fluid is used to screen for lung maturity (e.g. RDS)
Answer: lecithin (phosphatidylcholine):sphingomyelin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 197: _____
Answer: Duodenal atresia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 198: Evaluating infertility should begin by doing tests on the _____ because it's cheaper/easier to do
Answer: male
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 199: What is the next step in management for a postmenopausal woman with a suspected granulosa cell tumor that presents with vaginal bleeding and a thickened endometrial stripe on ultrasound? _____
Answer: Endometrial biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 200: Postmenopausal women with ultrasound findings suspicious for ovarian cancer and/or elevated CA-125 should undergo _____ prior to surgical exploration
Answer: further imaging (e.g. CT, MRI)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 201: How is preeclampsia in pregnant women screened: _____
Answer: Blood pressure measurements throughout pregnancy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 202: Neural tube defects are detected during prenatal care by elevated _____ levels in the amniotic fluid and maternal blood
Answer: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/congenital-defects/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 203: What is the next best step in management if you have a positive endocervix finding upon colposcopy? _____
Answer: Cone biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 204: At what age should women start receiving mammograms: _____
Answer: 50-years-old
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 205: What is the initial test/imaging study for a women age > 30 with a palpable breast mass? _____
Answer: Mammogram
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 206: What is the recommended treatment for non-pregnant women age > 25 with grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)? _____
Answer: Ablate (conization, LEEP)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 207: Pap testing may be discontinued in patients age ≥ 65 with no history of CIN 2 or higher and _____ consective negative Pap tests or _____ consecutive negative co-testing results
Answer: 3
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 208: _____ = ↓ estrogen = ↑ incidence of urinary incontinence
Answer: Menopause
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 209: What is the management of a woman with endometrial proliferation shown in endometrial biopsy? _____
Answer: Normal finding, treat based on symptoms
Extra:
Flashcard 210: Compared to normal, what changes detected by a neonatal quad screen would be indicative of trisomy 18 (Edward syndrome)? AFP: _____ Estriol: _____ hCG: _____ Inhibin A: _____
Answer: decreased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/genetic-screening/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 211: Ovaries are commonly palpated on bimanual pelvic examination _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 212: Increased AFP is seen in trisomy 21 _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 213: What is the normal range of Urine: Estriol, total (in pregnancy: 40 weeks)?
Answer: From 13 to 42 mg/24 hr
Flashcard 214: What is the normal range of Estriol, total, serum (in pregnancy 32-36 weeks)?
Answer: From 60 to 280 ng/mL
Flashcard 215: Edward syndrome and Patau syndrome present with _____ free -hCG
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 216: Spina bifida occulta is characterized by _____ levels of AFP in utero
Answer: normal
Flashcard 217: What demographic (age) is most commonly associated with HPV related vulvar carcinoma? _____
Answer: Women of reproductive age (< 50 years old)
Flashcard 218: Non-HPV related vulvar carcinoma arises, most often, from long-standing lichen _____
Answer: sclerosus
Flashcard 219: Which area of the cervix is especially targeted by HPV?_____
Answer: Transformation zone
Flashcard 220: Down syndrome presents with _____ serum PAPP-A
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 221: A pap smear is performed by scraping cells at the _____ of the cervix
Answer: transformation zone
Flashcard 222: The inability to detect _____ defects is a downside of chorionic villus sampling when compared to amniocentesis
Answer: neural tube
Flashcard 223: Most notably, the serum tumor marker CA-125 is seen elevated in _____
Answer: ovarian cancers
Flashcard 224: What is the most common gynecologic cancer worldwide?_____
Answer: Cervical (due to lack of screening or HPV vaccination)
Flashcard 225: Endometrial hyperplasia typically presents as _____ uterine bleeding (pre- or post-menopausal)
Answer: postmenopausal
Flashcard 226: -fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein that is normally made by the _____
Answer: fetus
Flashcard 227: Edward syndrome presents with _____ free -fetoprotein (AFP)
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 228: -fetoprotein (AFP) is transiently elevated in _____
Answer: pregnancy
Flashcard 229: What is the percent chance of reversal back to normal cervical epithelium in CIN II? _____
Answer: 33% reversal
Flashcard 230: What cells are predominant in pap smears from postmenopausal women and postpartum women?_____
Answer: Parabasal cells
Flashcard 231: What is the key risk factor for Cervical Carcinoma?_____
Answer: High-risk HPV (16, 18, 31, 33)
Flashcard 232: _____ is usually preceded by 4-5 years of abnormal menstrual cycles
Answer: Menopause
Flashcard 233: The average age of presentation of endometrial carcinoma from the hyperplasia pathway is _____ years old
Answer: 60
Flashcard 234: Fibroadenoma is most common in women _____ 35 years old
Answer: under
Flashcard 235: Does extramammary paget disease of the vulva often present with underlying carcinoma? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 236: What serum markers (2) may be elevated in dysgerminoma? _____
Answer: LDH and hCG
Flashcard 237: One limitation of pap smears is _____ of transformation zone resulting in false negative screening
Answer: inadequate sampling
Flashcard 238: Risk factors for developing breast cancer are generally associated with increased _____ exposure
Answer: estrogen
Flashcard 239: Elevated _____ in amniotic fluid is a helpful confirmatory test for neural tube defects
Answer: acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Flashcard 240: Down syndrome presents with _____ free -hCG
Answer: increased
Flashcard 241: Which type of Vulvar Carcinoma is typically seen in women of reproductive age?_____-related
Answer: HPV
Flashcard 242: What demographic is most commonly associated with non-HPV related vulvar carcinoma? _____
Answer: Elderly women (average age >70 years)
Flashcard 243: Screening for cervical carcinoma is performed via _____
Answer: pap smears
Flashcard 244: What are the 4 most common causes of CIN and Cervical Carcinoma?_____
Answer: HPV 16, 18, 31, 33 (high risk HPV)
Flashcard 245: What demographic (age) is most commonly associated with cervical carcinoma? _____
Answer: middle-aged women (average age is 40-50 years)
Flashcard 246: Can a patient have viable sperm in their ejaculate in the months after vasectomy?_____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 247: What is the percent chance of reversal back to normal cervical epithelium in CIN I? _____
Answer: 66% reversal
Flashcard 248: When performing a maternal serum quadruple screen, accurate estimation of _____ is very important to determine whether levels of analytes are abnormal
Answer: gestational age
Flashcard 249: What cells may be present on a pap smear particularly during menses?_____
Answer: endometrial cells
Flashcard 250: Fibrocystic change presents as a '_____' breast that may be painful
Answer: lumpy
Flashcard 251: Granulosa cell tumor predominantly affects women in their _____ (age)
Answer: 50s
Flashcard 252: Elevated -hCG is seen in pregnancy, especially when there are _____
Answer: multiple gestations
Flashcard 253: In female infertility testing: a hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is primarily used to determine _____
Answer: fallopian tube patency
Flashcard 254: What is the most common gynecologic cancer in the U.S.?_____
Answer: Endometrial
Flashcard 255: One limitation of pap smears is limited efficacy in screening for _____
Answer: adenocarcinoma
Flashcard 256: Down syndrome presents with _____ estriol
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 257: Elevated -fetoprotein (AFP) can be associated with _____ defects (ex. Omphalocele)
Answer: abdominal wall
Flashcard 258: Fibrocystic changes frequently cause _____ breast pain without nipple discharge
Answer: cyclic
Flashcard 259: After menopause, breast tissue undergoes _____
Answer: atrophy
Flashcard 260: In female infertility testing; saline infusion sonohysterography is the preferred method of diagnosing abnormalities of the _____
Answer: uterine cavity
Flashcard 261: What is the gold standard procedure for screening for Cervical Carcinoma?_____
Answer: Pap Smear
Flashcard 262: What types of HPV are the cause of HPV-related vulvar carcinoma?_____
Answer: High Risk HPVs (16, 18, 31, 33)
Flashcard 263: Anencephaly is characterized by _____ levels of AFP in utero
Answer: elevated
Flashcard 264: _____ % of ovarian endometrioid tumors are associated with an independent endometrial carcinoma
Answer: 15
Flashcard 265: Pap smears are used to detect _____ before it becomes carcinoma
Answer: cervical dysplasia (CIN)
Flashcard 266: The presence of withdrawal bleeding with a _____ challenge excludes anatomic defects (e.g. Asherman syndrome) and chronic anovulation without estrogen
Answer: progestin
Flashcard 267: What is the risk of fetal loss in amniocentesis? What about chorionic villus sampling? _____
Answer: 0.5% in amniocentesis versus 1% in CVS
Flashcard 268: In female infertility testing; levels of _____ are the best to determine ovarian reserve
Answer: anti mullerian hormone (MIF)
Flashcard 269: Endometrial hyperplasia has increased risk for progression to type _____ endometrial carcinoma
Answer: 1
Flashcard 270: Culture of the mother's vagina at _____ of pregnancy (time)is done to ensure Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) has not colonized
Answer: 35 wks
Flashcard 271: Risk factors of endometrial carcinoma from the hyperplasia pathway are related to _____ exposure
Answer: estrogen
Flashcard 272: Edward syndrome and Patau syndrome present with _____ serum PAPP-A
Answer: decreased
Keywords: Screening tests flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
Study by Chapter
First trimester screening
Flashcards
Cell-free DNA screening
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Second trimester serum screening
Flashcards
Ultrasound markers and anomaly screening
Flashcards
Carrier screening for genetic disorders
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Cervical cancer screening in pregnancy
Flashcards
Diabetes screening in pregnancy
Flashcards
Gestational diabetes management
Flashcards
Group B streptococcus screening
Flashcards
Screening for preeclampsia risk factors
Flashcards
Prenatal infection screening (TORCH, HIV, STIs)
Flashcards
Genetic counseling principles
Flashcards
Diagnostic testing (amniocentesis, CVS)
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