Differential diagnosis — Flashcards

Flashcard 61: The plasma anion gap is useful primarily in the differential diagnosis of _____

Answer: metabolic acidosis

Flashcard 62: Primary CNS lymphoma must be distinguished from _____ infection via CSF analysis or other lab tests

Answer: toxoplasmosis

Extra: Atlas: Other:

Flashcard 63: What percent of brain tumors are from metastases? _____

Answer: 50%

Flashcard 64: _____ is a refractive error caused by uneven/irregular curvature of the cornea

Answer: Astigmatism

Extra: Regular astigmatism In individuals with normal vision, the cornea is hemispherical and has the same curvature along all axes (or meridians). As a result, the cornea refracts light at the same degree at all axes, creating a single focal point on the retina. In regular astigmatism, the cornea is longer than it is wider (i.e. oval in shape). This distorts the refraction of light and creates two focal points, usually in front of and/or behind the retina. As a result, vision is out of focus (blurred) at all distances. Atlas:

Flashcard 65: What is the likely diagnosis for an adult with episodic, painless dark maroon-colored stool? _____

Answer: Angiodysplasia

Extra: Associated with Heyde syndrome (aortic stenosis), renal disease, and von Willebrand disease.

Flashcard 66: Which type of meningitis presents with normal sugar and increased lymphocytes in the CSF? _____

Answer: Viral meningitis

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 67: _____ excretion of urinary D-xylose is indicative of GI mucosal damage or bacterial overgrowth (D-xylose absorption test)

Answer: Decreased

Flashcard 68: The rash from Rickettsia rickettsii is distinctly different from that of Rickettsia prowazekii in that _____

Answer: this rash begins at the extremities and moves towards the trunk

Flashcard 69: Which type of meningitis presents with decreased sugar and increased PMNs in the CSF? _____

Answer: Bacterial meningitis

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 70: Pseudogout may present on X-ray with cartilage _____

Answer: calcification (chondrocalcinosis)

Extra: Atlas: