System-based differential construction — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ is the most common non-genetic cause of congenital sensorineural hearing loss.

Answer: CMV (Cytomegalovirus) \n\nNote: Genetic causes (e.g., Connexin 26) are the most common cause of congenital SNHL overall, but CMV is the most common non-genetic/infectious cause.

Flashcard 2: What is the differential diagnosis (2) in a Cushing syndrome patient with elevated ACTH?_____

Answer: 1. Cushing disease (ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma) 2. Ectopic ACTH secretion

Flashcard 3: Bloody diarrhea is known as _____

Answer: dysentery

Flashcard 4: If a patient has moderately elevated serum Alkaline phosphatase levels, you should determine if hepatobiliary or bony origin by checking _____ levels

Answer: GGT

Flashcard 5: Intussusception is characterized by a "_____" appearance on ultrasound

Answer: bull's-eye (target sign)

Flashcard 6: What is the most common cause of new-onset seizures in adults aged 35–65?

Answer: Brain tumor

Extra: Common causes of seizures by age: - **Children**: Febrile (most common), genetic, infection, trauma, congenital. - **Young adults (18–35)**: Trauma, alcohol withdrawal, illicit drugs. - **Adults (35–65)**: Brain tumor, stroke, trauma. - **Elderly (>65)**: Stroke (most common), tumor, trauma, metabolic.

Flashcard 7: _____ syndrome presents with jaundice during stress, illness, or fasting

Answer: Gilbert

Flashcard 8: Patients with Cardiac Tamponade have an enlarged "_____" shaped heart on chest x-ray

Answer: water bottle

Flashcard 9: The following signs and symptoms are characteristic of what disease: broad-based ataxia, positive Romberg, Argyll-Robertson pupil, Charcot joint, stroke

Answer: Tertiary syphilis (specifically Tabes dorsalis and meningovascular syphilis)

Flashcard 10: The following signs and symptoms are characteristic of what diesase: constitutional symptoms, maculopapuar rash (especially on palms and soles)

Answer: secondary syphilis