Clinical Reasoning — Flashcards

Flashcard 31: The T score in DEXA scanning is a comparison of a patient's bone density to _____

Answer: a young adult

Flashcard 32: What type of upper airway obstruction is characterized by a **flattened inspiratory limb** and a **normal expiratory limb** on a flow-volume loop?\n_____

Answer: Variable extrathoracic obstruction

Extra: Examples of variable extrathoracic obstruction include vocal cord paralysis, thyromegaly, and laryngomalacia.

Flashcard 33: Trochanteric bursitis is often seen more in _____

Answer: women

Flashcard 34: What imaging modality may be used to visualize uric acid kidney stones? _____

Answer: Ultrasound

Flashcard 35: What may be seen on spiral CT in a patient with a pulmonary embolism? _____

Answer: Vascular filling defects

Extra: Pulmonary embolism CT scan of the chest (IV contrast; axial section) The contrast-free areas in the pulmonary arteries (green overlay, not hatched) represent thrombi, indicating a pulmonary embolism. A: ascending aorta; D: descending aorta; T: pulmonary trunk; V: superior vena cava Occlusive pulmonary embolism CT scan of the chest (IV contrast; axial section) A filling defect (contrast-free area; green overlay) is visible in the left pulmonary artery. The absence of a rim of contrast surrounding the filling defect indicates that the thrombus is occlusive.

Flashcard 36: The lactose hydrogen breath test is positive for lactose malabsorption if the post-lactose breath hydrogen rises _____ ppm compared with baseline

Answer: > 20

Flashcard 37: Dilated loops of colon and air-fluid levels on x-ray is suggestive of _____

Answer: large bowel obstruction

Extra: * air-fluid levels = horizontal contrast lines * Dilated loops of bowel = dark pockets of gas

Flashcard 38: An individual who is immuno-_____, with vesicles in a(n) V1 distribution and vision loss may have Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

Answer: compromised

Flashcard 39: Does benign prostatic hyperplasia increase risk of cancer? _____

Answer: No

Flashcard 40: What is the appearance of cystine kidney stones on X-ray? _____

Answer: Faintly radioopaque

Extra: *sketchy simplifies this to just "radiolucent," but it might be worth knowing that cystine is slightly more opaque than uric acid