Clinical Reasoning — Flashcards

Flashcard 371: Osteoporosis with palpable vertebral step-off and pinpoint tenderness = _____

Answer: compression fracture

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/back-pain/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 372: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with sharp, localized chest pain that is worsened with inspiration and tender to palpation? _____

Answer: Costochondritis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 373: What is the first step in the diagnostic evaluation of an individual with any urinary complaint? _____

Answer: Urinalysis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 374: A CT scan of a patient with dementia shows symmetrically aligned, poorly demarcated, hypodense periventricular lesions and cerebral atrophy; these findings are characteristic of _____.

Answer: vascular dementia (Binswanger disease)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 375: The presence of _____ on CT establishes the diagnosis of perforated viscus.

Answer: intraperitoneal free air

Flashcard 376: _____ is a normocytic anemia characterized by sickle cells on peripheral smear and the presence of HbS on electrophoresis.

Answer: Sickle cell anemia

Extra: Diagnosis is confirmed via hemoglobin electrophoresis. Patients often present with dactylitis (infants) or pain crises. Chronic hemolysis leads to autosplenectomy and increased risk of encapsulated organism infections (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae).

Flashcard 377: _____

Answer: Lupus

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/lupus/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 378: In the workup of a thyroid nodule, if the TSH is **low**, what is the next step to take? _____

Answer: RAIU (Scintigraphy)

Extra: If TSH is low in the setting of a thyroid nodule, a radionuclide scan (RAIU/Scintigraphy) is performed to determine if the nodule is 'hot' (functioning) or 'cold' (non-functioning). Hot nodules are usually benign, whereas cold nodules require further workup with ultrasound and FNA.

Flashcard 379: What disorder may be diagnosed using the pathergy test? _____

Answer: Behçet syndrome

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 380: Irregular mass post-trauma to breast is suggestive of _____

Answer: fat necrosis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki