Metabolism US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Metabolism with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Metabolism Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 21: Lag phase (Bacterial growth)
Answer: metabolic activity without division
Extra: Metabolic activity occurs (synthesis of enzymes, RNA, and proteins) as the bacteria adapt to the new environment, but there is no increase in the number of cells.
Flashcard 22: What is the primary function and composition of the plasma membrane in a cell?
Answer: Selective permeability, transport (via transporters/pumps), and cell signaling. It contains enzymes like Na+/K+ ATPase.
Extra: The plasma membrane consists of a lipid bilayer (phospholipids, cholesterol) and associated proteins (integral and peripheral). While it contains transport enzymes, general oxidative metabolism (oxidation) occurs primarily in the mitochondria.
Flashcard 23: During the fed and fasting states, what kind of fuels are used by muscles and liver?
Answer: Muscle: Glucose (Fed); Fatty acids & Ketone bodies (Fasting)
Liver: Glucose (Fed); Fatty acids (Fasting)
Extra: In the fed state, insulin promotes glucose uptake and utilization. In the fasting state, the shift to fatty acids and ketones spares glucose for glucose-dependent tissues like RBCs and the brain.
Flashcard 24: What are the main metabolic processes active during late starvation (after 3 days)?
Answer: Adipose tissue release of FFAs, hepatic ketogenesis (brain uses ketone bodies), and muscle protein sparing.
Flashcard 25: What are the main metabolic processes active during early starvation (1-3 days)?
Answer: hepatic glycogenolysis, hepatic gluconeogenesis (major), adipose release of FFA
Flashcard 26: What are the main metabolic processes active during fasting?
Answer: hepatic glycogenolysis (major), hepatic gluconeogenesis, adipose release of FFA
Flashcard 27: What are the main metabolic processes active during the fed state?
Answer: Glycolysis, aerobic respiration, glycogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and protein synthesis.
Extra: The fed state is characterized by high insulin levels (increased I/G ratio), promoting anabolic pathways and glucose utilization.
Flashcard 28: List the metabolic fuels used during exercise in rough order of earliest to latest
Answer: Stored ATP, Creatine phosphate, Anaerobic glycolysis (Glycogen), Aerobic metabolism (Glucose, Fatty acids) \n\n*Note: "Creatinine phosphate" is a typo for Creatine phosphate.
Flashcard 29: How many kcal are produced per gram of carbohydrate?
Answer: 4 kcal
Flashcard 30: What is the function of S-adenosyl-methionine?
Answer: transfers methyl units, conversion of NE to Epi
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