Metabolic adaptations in starvation — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Which organs (2) phosphorylate glucose using glucokinase? _____

Answer: Liver and pancreatic beta cells

Flashcard 2: The acetyl-CoA from acetoacetyl-CoA (ketone body metabolism) is used to generate energy via the _____

Answer: Kreb's cycle

Flashcard 3: What is the major source of energy during fasting (1-3 days)? _____

Answer: Hepatic gluconeogenesis

Flashcard 4: Glucocorticoids stimulate _____ by the liver, which may cause hyperglycemia

Answer: gluconeogenesis

Flashcard 5: Ketogenesis occurs in alcoholism due to excess _____, which causes shunting of oxaloacetate to malate

Answer: NADH

Flashcard 6: Vitamin B7 (biotin) is a cofactor for the enzyme _____ (gluconeogenesis)

Answer: pyruvate carboxylase

Flashcard 7: Glucocorticoids increase _____ in muscle and decrease protein synthesis, thereby providing more amino acids to the liver for gluconeogenesis

Answer: protein catabolism (proteolysis)

Flashcard 8: During oxidative phosphorylation, how many ATP are produced per FADH2?

Answer: 1.5 (Classic value: 2)

Extra: According to modern P/O ratios: - NADH produces ~2.5 ATP - FADH2 produces ~1.5 ATP Older textbooks often use the rounded integers 3 and 2 respectively.

Flashcard 9: Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

Answer: mitochondria

Flashcard 10: Where does the TCA cycle take place?

Answer: mitochondria