Metabolism — Flashcards

Flashcard 1361: TRH acts on which signalling cascade? _____

Answer: IP3

Flashcard 1362: What enzyme is involved in the synthesis of T4?_____

Answer: Thyroid Peroxidase (Thyroperoxidase)

Flashcard 1363: How does insulin resistance manifest in obese patients, causing type 2 DM?_____

Answer: Obesity causes downregulation of insulin receptors

Flashcard 1364: What foods (2) are a natural source of fructose? _____

Answer: Fruits, Honey

Flashcard 1365: Osteomalacia/rickets is characterized by _____ serum PTH

Answer: increased

Flashcard 1366: Does Rotor syndrome result in unconjugated or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia? _____

Answer: Conjugated

Flashcard 1367: What class of enzymes breaks down the cytoskeleton in apoptosis? _____

Answer: Proteases

Flashcard 1368: AMP is broken down into _____ (purine salvage)

Answer: adenosine

Flashcard 1369: What vitamins (3) function as antioxidants?_____

Answer: Vitamins A, C, and E

Flashcard 1370: Does the metabolism of **cationic** amino acids (e.g., lysine, arginine) cause a change in blood pH? _____

Answer: Yes (decreased)

Extra: The metabolism of **cationic** amino acids (Arginine, Lysine, Histidine) and **sulfur-containing** amino acids (Methionine, Cysteine) results in the net production of fixed acids (H+), which decreases blood pH. Conversely, the metabolism of **anionic** amino acids (Glutamate, Aspartate) and other organic anions (like citrate or lactate) consumes H+, which increases blood pH.