Metabolism — Flashcards

Flashcard 1151: Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase causes enzyme _____ (activation/inactivation)

Answer: inactivation

Flashcard 1152: The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for the HCO3-/CO2 buffer states that: pH = _____

Answer: 6.1 + log [HCO3-] / (0.03 * PCO2)

Flashcard 1153: A _____ enzyme catalyzes transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy molecule (e.g. ATP) to a substrate

Answer: kinase

Flashcard 1154: Which two organs does galactose primarily enter?

Answer: Liver and kidneys

Extra: Galactose metabolism primarily occurs in the liver, with a secondary contribution from the kidneys. Both organs express the GLUT2 transporter, allowing for insulin-independent uptake of galactose. While galactose is used in the brain for the synthesis of galactolipids (like cerebrosides), the bulk of dietary galactose is cleared by the liver and kidneys.

Flashcard 1155: What vitamin deficiency may be caused by malignant carcinoid syndrome? _____

Answer: Niacin (B3) deficiency

Flashcard 1156: What is the only form of biologically active Ca2+? _____

Answer: Free, ionized Ca2+

Flashcard 1157: Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate, via G6PD, produces a molecule of _____

Answer: NADPH

Flashcard 1158: What acute phase reactant is downregulated during inflammation by being internalized into macrophages to sequester iron?_____

Answer: Transferrin

Flashcard 1159: In addition to glutamine, what other amino acid is necessary for pyrimidine synthesis? _____

Answer: Aspartate

Flashcard 1160: What acute phase reactant is upregulated during inflammation to bind and sequester iron to inhibit microbial iron scavenging?_____

Answer: Ferritin