Neuroanatomy — Flashcards

Flashcard 341: Which artery, typically arising from the vertebral artery, supplies the lateral medulla and the posteroinferior cerebellum?

Answer: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Extra: Occlusion of the PICA (or its parent vertebral artery) leads to Lateral Medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome. This presents with ipsilateral cerebellar signs, Horner syndrome, and sensory loss (ipsilateral face, contralateral body).

Flashcard 342: Where are the central chemoreceptors located?_____

Answer: Medulla

Flashcard 343: In cases of severe neuronal damage (ex. herniation / diffuse axonal injury) below the red nucleus, patients can present with _____ motor posturing

Answer: decerebrate

Flashcard 344: Which part of the internal capsule is located at the junction (bend) between the anterior and posterior limbs?

Answer: Genu of the internal capsule

Flashcard 345: What white matter tract connects Broca's area and Wernicke's area?

Answer: Arcuate fasciculus

Extra: The arcuate fasciculus is a bundle of axons that connects Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Lesions to this tract result in **conduction aphasia** (characterized by poor repetition but relatively preserved comprehension and speech production).

Flashcard 346: What visual deficit results from lesion of Baum's Loop (dorsal optic radiation) (e.g. parietal lesion, MCA occlusion)? _____

Answer: Contralateral homonymous inferior quadrantanopia ("Pie on the floor")

Flashcard 347: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) typically begins at _____ levels of the spinal cord

Answer: cervical

Flashcard 348: What structure in the medulla separates CN IX and X from CN XII? _____

Answer: Olive

Flashcard 349: Which nucleus mediates pain and temperature sensation from the face?

Answer: Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Flashcard 350: What is the destination of the ventral anterior (VA) / ventral lateral (VL) nuclei of the thalamus? _____

Answer: Premotor and primary motor cortex