Basal ganglia — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Which dopaminergic pathway connects the arcuate nucleus (hypothalamus) to the pituitary? _____

Answer: Tuberoinfundibular pathway

Flashcard 2: Which dopaminergic pathway connects the ventral tegmentum (midbrain) to the prefrontal cortex? _____

Answer: Mesocortical pathway

Flashcard 3: Which thalamic nuclei (2) receive motor input from the basal ganglia and cerebellum? _____

Answer: Ventral anterior (VA) / Ventral lateral (VL)

Flashcard 4: Which part of the basal ganglia sends dopaminergic neurons to the striatum to alter activity of both basal ganglia pathways? _____

Answer: Substantia nigra

Flashcard 5: What syndrome is associated with lesion of the following areas? 1. Spinothalamic tract 2. Spinal trigeminal nucleus 3. Hypothalamospinal tract 4. Nucleus ambiguus (CN IX, X) 5. Vestibular nucleus (CN VIII) 6. Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer: Lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome

Flashcard 6: One component of the basal ganglia is the _____, which is located in the diencephalon

Answer: subthalamic nucleus

Flashcard 7: What is an Argyll-Robertson pupil?

Answer: pupil that is unreactive to light but constricts with accomodation

Flashcard 8: Embryological origin of the neurohypophysis

Answer: Neuroectoderm (Diencephalon)

Extra: The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) develops from a downward extension of the neuroectoderm from the floor of the diencephalon (the infundibulum). In contrast, the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) develops from Rathke's pouch (oral ectoderm).

Flashcard 9: pineal gland

Answer: neuroectoderm

Flashcard 10: retina

Answer: neuroectoderm