Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 831: Pyloric stenosis is idiopathic but _____ increases ↑ the incidence risk

Answer: family history

Flashcard 832: The investigation of choice to diagnose infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is _____.

Answer: Ultrasound

Flashcard 833: What is the management of pyloric stenosis? _____

Answer: Medical stabilization (IV fluids/electrolytes) followed by surgical pyloromyotomy

Extra: Initial management must focus on correcting hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with IV fluids (Normal Saline with KCl). Definitive treatment is a Ramstedt's pyloromyotomy.

Flashcard 834: Gluten should be introduced in the diet at least _____ before celiac disease serology tests & endoscopy

Answer: 6 weeks

Flashcard 835: Patients with coeliac disease are offered _____ vaccination every 5 years

Answer: pneumococcal

Flashcard 836: The non-invasive diagnostic test of choice for staging/evaluating fibrosis in suspected alcoholic liver cirrhosis is _____.

Answer: transient elastography (FibroScan)

Extra: Transient elastography (FibroScan) measures liver stiffness. It is a non-invasive alternative to liver biopsy for staging fibrosis and diagnosing cirrhosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Ultrasound is usually the first-line imaging.

Flashcard 837: _____ is used to determine if patients with alcoholic hepatitis would benefit from steroid (glucocorticoid) administration

Answer: Maddrey's Discriminant Function (DF)

Flashcard 838: Managment of acute alcoholic hepatitis: _____

Answer: Glucocorticoids (e.g. prednisolone)

Flashcard 839: An alcoholic with acute onset of abdominal pain, nausea, jaundice is most likely suffering from what condition?\n_____

Answer: Alcoholic hepatitis

Flashcard 840: What is the first-line management of intussusception? _____

Answer: Reduction by air or contrast enema under radiological control