Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 611: What is the typical Liver Function Test (LFT) pattern seen in pancreatic cancer causing biliary obstruction?

Answer:

Extra: Pancreatic cancer (especially of the head) typically presents with an obstructive jaundice pattern due to compression of the common bile duct. \n\nTypical LFT pattern:\n- ↑↑ Conjugated Bilirubin\n- ↑↑ Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) & GGT\n- Normal or mildly ↑ AST/ALT (unless secondary liver damage/metastases occur)

Flashcard 612: What is the management for small bowel obstruction caused by adhesions? _____

Answer: Conservative management → some may require surgery

Flashcard 613: Serum amylase _____ prognostic for pancreatitis

Answer: is not

Flashcard 614: What is the definitive investigation for small bowel obstruction? _____

Answer: CT scan

Flashcard 615: What is the **1st-line** medical management for **inducing remission** in Crohn's disease?\n_____

Answer: Glucocorticoids (e.g., Prednisolone or Budesonide)

Extra: 5-ASA drugs (e.g., Mesalamine) have limited efficacy in Crohn's disease and are generally not recommended for induction, unlike in Ulcerative Colitis where they are 1st-line. Glucocorticoids (Prednisolone or Budesonide) are the standard first-line choice for inducing remission in Crohn's.

Flashcard 616: Acutely thrombosed external haemorrhoids typically present with _____ and appear purplish & oedematous

Answer: significant pain

Flashcard 617: What drug is used for refractory or fistulating Crohn's disease? _____

Answer: Infliximab

Flashcard 618: Small bowel obstruction can present with nausea & vomiting, typically _____ vomiting

Answer: bilious

Flashcard 619: Ulcerative colitis can present with the feeling of needing to pass bowels when they are empty (_____)

Answer: tenesmus

Flashcard 620: On abdominal examination, small bowel obstruction can present with _____, particularly in low/distal SBO

Answer: abdominal distension