Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 601: Recurrent abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome is often related to _____ or associated with a change in stool frequency and/or stool form

Answer: defecation

Flashcard 602: _____ is the blockage of the large intestine that impedes passage of intestinal contents

Answer: Large bowel obstruction

Flashcard 603: Pancreatic cancers have a terrible prognosis because _____

Answer: they nearly always present late

Flashcard 604: What imaging is done for acute pancreatitis alongside serum amylase? _____

Answer: US imaging → important to assess aetiology (e.g. gallstones)

Flashcard 605: Types of hiatus hernia: _____ Rolling (paraoesophageal)

Answer: Sliding

Flashcard 606: What is the mainstay management of pancreatitis? _____

Answer: Fluid resuscitation & analgesia (IV opioids)

Flashcard 607: What is the management in pancreatic cancer of the head where the tumour can be resected? _____

Answer: Whipple's procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy) with adjuvant chemotherapy

Flashcard 608: What is the initial management of bowel obstruction (small & large)? 1. _____ 2. NG tube for decompression 3. IV fluids

Answer: Nil by mouth

Extra: Initial management for both small and large bowel obstruction (drip and suck): 1. NPO (Nil per os) to rest the bowel. 2. Nasogastric (NG) tube decompression to relieve proximal pressure. 3. Aggressive IV fluid resuscitation and electrolyte correction. Note: While the general initial steps are similar, the definitive management (and urgency of surgery) often differs significantly between SBO (often adhesional, trial of conservative) and LBO (often neoplastic, more likely surgical).

Flashcard 609: What are the biggest risk factors for pancreatic cancer? 1 Smoking 2 Diabetes mellitus (esp T2DM) 3 Chronic _____ 3 Obesity 4. Family history

Answer: pancreatitis

Flashcard 610: Acute pancreatitis classically presents with _____ pain that may radiate to the back

Answer: severe epigastric