Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 591: What abdominal x-ray findings are associated with **large bowel obstruction**? _____

Answer: Dilated loops (typically peripheral) with haustrations and air-fluid levels

Flashcard 592: In pancreatic cancer what masses may be palpated on examination? _____

Answer: Hepatomegaly and/or the gallbladder (invasion/mets)

Flashcard 593: The only curative mainstay of management for pancreatic cancer is _____.

Answer: Surgical resection (e.g. Whipple procedure)

Extra: Pancreatic cancer often presents late. While surgery is the curative mainstay, ~80% of patients are unresectable at diagnosis and receive palliative care (analgesia, biliary stenting, etc.).

Flashcard 594: Lifestyle advice for IBS... _____

Answer: - Eat regular meals and take time to eat - Avoid missing meals - Drink at least 8 cups of fluid per day - Restrict tea & coffee to 3 cups a day - Reduce intake of alcohol & fizzy drinks - Limit intake of high-fibre food - Limit fresh fruit to 3 portions a day - Encourage oats for wind & bloating - Encourage regular physical activity

Flashcard 595: Pancreatitis can be complicated with _____

Answer: acute respiratory distress syndrome

Flashcard 596: Hiatus hernia can present as symptoms associated with _____

Answer: GORD

Flashcard 597: The cause of Irritable Bowel Syndrome is unknown and thought to be linked to _____-gut axis dysregulation as well as other factors

Answer: brain

Flashcard 598: A patient presenting with large bowel obstruction may have a Family Hx of _____ and/or colorectal cancer

Answer: IBD

Flashcard 599: What is the definitive investigation for large bowel obstruction? _____

Answer: CT

Flashcard 600: What is the pharmacological management of irritable bowel syndrome? Pain = _____ Diarrhoea = anti-diarrheal (e.g. loperamide) Constipation = laxative (e.g. bulk-forming) → linaclotide 2nd-line

Answer: antispasmodic drug (e.g. Mebeverine, peppermint oil)