Gastroenterology & Hepatology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Gastroenterology & Hepatology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 481: Type _____ autoimmune hepatitis typically affects women in their 40s/50s but can affect all ages
Answer: 1
Extra: Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis is associated with:
- Positive **ANA** (Anti-Nuclear Antibody)
- Positive **ASMA** (Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody)
- Elevated IgG levels
Flashcard 482:
Most patients with chronic hepatitis B present _____; but can present with symptoms of chronic liver disease as well as a PMH of acute hepatitis B
Answer: asymptomatically
Flashcard 483: What is the most important lifestyle advice for a patient with hepatitis regarding substance use?
Answer:
Extra: Avoidance of alcohol is crucial in patients with hepatitis as it accelerates liver damage, promotes progression to cirrhosis, and can trigger acute-on-chronic liver failure.
Flashcard 484: Hepatitis B serology:
_____ is positive when there is previous or current infection
Answer: Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc)
Flashcard 485:
_____ hepatitis is rare (~0.5%) and causes jaundice, AMS, asterixis, cerebral oedema...
Answer: Fulminant
Flashcard 486:
Most patients with acute hepatitis B present _____; but can present with jaundice, RUQ pain, & nausea + vomiting
Answer: asymptomatically
Flashcard 487: _____ is inflammation of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis B virus; it is the most prevalent hepatitis viral infection
Answer: Hepatitis B
Flashcard 488: Those at high risk of Hepatitis A (e.g. close contact) can be offered a _____
Answer: vaccination
Flashcard 489: Approximately _____% of infants born to HBeAg positive mothers will develop chronic hepatitis B if no immunoprophylaxis is given.
Answer: 90
Extra: Chronic Hepatitis B infection risk by age of acquisition:
- Neonates (vertical transmission): ~90% risk of chronicity.
- Children (1-5 years): 30-50% risk.
- Adults: <5-10% risk (most adults clear the virus successfully).
Flashcard 490: What is the mainstay management of _____ Hepatitis B?
Answer: Symptomatic/Supportive treatment
Answer: Acute
Extra: Management of Hepatitis B:
1. **Acute Hep B:** Supportive care (mainstay). Recovery occurs in >95% of immunocompetent adults. Antivirals are rarely indicated unless the case is fulminant.
2. **Chronic Hep B:** Antiviral therapy (e.g., Tenofovir, Entecavir) if criteria (ALT levels, DNA load) are met.
3. **Hospitalization:** Indicated if there is evidence of liver failure (raised INR, encephalopathy) or severe dehydration.
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