Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 481: How is hepatitis C transmitted? _____ Pre 1991 it was spread through blood transfusions

Answer: Through infected blood via needles

Flashcard 482: Active management for _____ hepatitis B is entecavir or tenofovir

Answer: chronic

Extra: Acute Hepatitis B is usually managed supportively. Antivirals are indicated for chronic HBV (based on DNA levels, ALT, and cirrhosis status) or in cases of fulminant acute HBV.

Flashcard 483: How do you diagnose autoimmune hepatitis if immunological blood tests are inadequate? _____

Answer: Liver biopsy

Flashcard 484: _____ is a rare cause of chronic hepatitis suspected to be caused by molecular mimicry

Answer: Autoimmune hepatitis

Flashcard 485: Patients with autoimmune hepatitis should take _____ supplementation because of steroid treatment

Answer: calcium & vitamin D

Flashcard 486: What is the referral for Hepatitis C? _____

Answer: Referred for specialist care

Flashcard 487: Most patients with acute hepatitis C present _____; but can present with jaundice, fatigue, & arthralgia

Answer: asymptomatically

Flashcard 488: What is the definitive management of fulminant hepatitis?

Answer: Liver transplant is the only definitive treatment for patients who do not show spontaneous recovery, as mortality rates exceed 80% in many cases.

Flashcard 489: Type _____ autoimmune hepatitis antibodies are anti-soluble liver antigens (anti-SLA) ± liver-pancreas antigen (anti-LP)

Answer: 3

Flashcard 490: How do you diagnose autoimmune hepatitis? _____ -ve test for viral hepatitis High titers of autoantibodies + clinical findings

Answer: LFTs → raised ALT & AST