Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 401: Appendicitis is typically a clinical diagnosis with _____ on blood test and negative urinalysis

Answer: neutrophil-predominant leucocytosis

Flashcard 402: In acute cholecystitis there is _____ AST & ALT, normal bilirubin, normal ALP, normal γ-GT

Answer: mildly ↑

Flashcard 403: Management of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis? Prophylaxis: _____ Management: IV cefotaxime

Answer: oral ciprofloxacin

Flashcard 404: What are the red flag signs in a patient presenting with RUQ pain, fever (acute cholecystitis)? _____

Answer: Jaundice, altered mental state, hypotension → acute cholangitis

Extra: The combination of RUQ pain, fever, and jaundice is **Charcot's Triad**. The addition of hypotension and altered mental status (AMS) completes **Reynolds' Pentad**, indicating severe obstructive suppurative cholangitis.

Flashcard 405: Paralytic ileus most commonly occurs _____

Answer: postoperatively

Flashcard 406: Acute cholecystitis characteristically presents with _____ & fever

Answer: RUQ pain

Flashcard 407: Serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) < _____ indicates a non-portal hypertensive cause.

Answer: 11 g/L

Extra: Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG): • ≥ 1.1 g/dL (11 g/L): Portal hypertension (e.g., Cirrhosis, CHF, Budd-Chiari) • < 1.1 g/dL (11 g/L): Non-portal hypertension (e.g., Malignancy, Tuberculosis, Nephrotic syndrome)

Flashcard 408: Acute cholangitis will have _____ CRP, ↑ WCC & may have +ve blood cultures

Answer: ↑

Flashcard 409: Gallstones are typically made of _____

Answer: cholesterol 80%

Flashcard 410: Acute cholecystitis affects _____ 3:1 with peak incidence > 50 years old

Answer: females