Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 411: There are two main types of gallstones: _____ and pigmented

Answer: cholesterol

Flashcard 412: Acute cholecystitis is most commonly _____ in ~90% of patients

Answer: calculous

Flashcard 413: _____ is a bacterial infection of the biliary tract, commonly due to biliary obstruction

Answer: Acute cholangitis

Flashcard 414: _____ is the a acute inflammation of the appendix, typically caused by obstruction of the appendiceal lumen

Answer: Appendicitis

Flashcard 415: _____ is intestinal hypomotility WITHOUT bowel obstruction, subsequently leading to "functional" bowel obstruction

Answer: Paralytic ileus

Flashcard 416: The cause of appendicitis appears to be caused by _____, but the exact cause is unknown

Answer: obstruction of the appendiceal lumen

Flashcard 417: The prognosis of acute cholangitis is _____ with mortality between 10-30% :((

Answer: poor

Flashcard 418: Gallstones are typically made of _____

Answer: cholesterol 80%

Flashcard 419: Ascitic fluid analysis with neutrophils > 250 cells/ul indicates _____

Answer: spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Flashcard 420: What is the management of asymptomatic gallstones? Incidental finding in gallbladder: _____ Incidental finding in common bile duct: ERCP / Extraction

Answer: Expectant management

Extra: Asymptomatic gallbladder stones generally do not require surgery (prophylactic cholecystectomy is only for specific high-risk groups like porcelain gallbladder). However, common bile duct stones (choledocholithiasis) must be removed even if asymptomatic due to the high risk of complications like acute cholangitis and gallstone pancreatitis.