Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 391: On examination, _____ has a +ve Murphy's sign which is when the examiner instructs the patient to breathe out, then palpates gallbladder (RUQ), instructs the patient to breathe in, which causes inspiratory arrest because of gallbladder pain as the diaphragm pushes gallbladder down into palpated hand

Answer: acute cholecystitis

Flashcard 392: The _____ is a small, 5-10cm, narrow tube that comes off the caecum

Answer: appendix

Flashcard 393: Cholesterol gallstones = radio_____ Pigmented gallstones = radiopaque

Answer: lucent

Flashcard 394: The most common pathogenesis of appendicitis in adults is _____

Answer: faecoliths

Flashcard 395: Acute cholecystitis characteristically presents with _____ & fever

Answer: RUQ pain

Flashcard 396: What is the management of asymptomatic gallstones? Incidental finding in gallbladder: _____ Incidental finding in common bile duct: ERCP / Extraction

Answer: Expectant management

Extra: Asymptomatic gallbladder stones generally do not require surgery (prophylactic cholecystectomy is only for specific high-risk groups like porcelain gallbladder). However, common bile duct stones (choledocholithiasis) must be removed even if asymptomatic due to the high risk of complications like acute cholangitis and gallstone pancreatitis.

Flashcard 397: Patients often report pain is worse when _____ for appendicitis

Answer: going over speed bumps

Flashcard 398: _____ is the excessive accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

Answer: Ascites

Flashcard 399: The second most common cause of ascites is _____ ~10%

Answer: malignancy

Flashcard 400: What is the management for acute cholecystitis? _____ Laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 1 week

Answer: IV antibiotics