Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 381: _____ is intestinal hypomotility WITHOUT bowel obstruction, subsequently leading to "functional" bowel obstruction

Answer: Paralytic ileus

Flashcard 382: What is the definitive management for ascites caused by cirrhosis? _____

Answer: Liver transplantation

Extra: Management ladder for cirrhotic ascites: 1. Sodium restriction & Diuretics (Spironolactone + Furosemide) 2. Large Volume Paracentesis (LVP) 3. TIPS (for refractory cases) 4. Liver Transplant (Definitive)

Flashcard 383: What are the risk factors for pigmented gallstones? _____

Answer: Haemolytic disease (particularly hereditary spherocytosis & sickle cell disease)

Flashcard 384: Gallstone diseases/complications are _____, acute cholecystitis, and severe complications such as cholangitis & pancreatitis

Answer: biliary colic

Flashcard 385: Patients often report pain is worse when _____ for appendicitis

Answer: going over speed bumps

Flashcard 386: What is the management of symptomatic gallstones? _____

Answer: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Flashcard 387: Initial management of acute cholangitis involves fluid resuscitation and _____.

Answer: empiric IV antibiotics (e.g., Piperacillin/Tazobactam)

Extra: Definitive management of acute cholangitis requires biliary decompression, typically via ERCP. Fluids and IV antibiotics are the immediate initial steps for stabilization.

Flashcard 388: _____ is the excessive accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

Answer: Ascites

Flashcard 389: Acute cholangitis will have _____ CRP, ↑ WCC & may have +ve blood cultures

Answer: ↑

Flashcard 390: Abdominal distension from ascites presents with _____, weight gain, dyspnoea, & discomfort

Answer: early satiety