Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 381: What are the risk factors for pigmented gallstones? _____

Answer: Haemolytic disease (particularly hereditary spherocytosis & sickle cell disease)

Flashcard 382: Initial management of acute cholangitis involves fluid resuscitation and _____.

Answer: empiric IV antibiotics (e.g., Piperacillin/Tazobactam)

Extra: Definitive management of acute cholangitis requires biliary decompression, typically via ERCP. Fluids and IV antibiotics are the immediate initial steps for stabilization.

Flashcard 383: The second most common cause of ascites is _____ ~10%

Answer: malignancy

Flashcard 384: Appendicitis can present atypically in _____, elderly, & pregnant patients

Answer: young

Flashcard 385: Patients often report pain is worse when _____ for appendicitis

Answer: going over speed bumps

Flashcard 386: What is the management of symptomatic gallstones? _____

Answer: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Flashcard 387: _____ can occur in ascites that is most commonly caused by E. coli on ascitic fluid culture

Answer: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Flashcard 388: _____ is the excessive accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

Answer: Ascites

Flashcard 389: Abdominal distension from ascites presents with _____, weight gain, dyspnoea, & discomfort

Answer: early satiety

Flashcard 390: Ascitic fluid analysis uses the _____ to help determine the cause

Answer: serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)