Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 261: What is the most common source of significant intraabdominal bleeding in blunt abdominal trauma?

Answer: Spleen (Splenic rupture)

Extra: The liver is the second most commonly injured organ in blunt abdominal trauma, though some recent studies suggest it may be nearly equal in frequency to the spleen.

Flashcard 262: _____ is associated with calcium oxalate kidney stones **bonus, why?

Answer: Crohn's disease

Extra: In Crohn's disease (especially with ileal involvement), bile acid malabsorption leads to fat malabsorption. 1. Unabsorbed fatty acids bind to **calcium** in the gut (saponification). 2. Normally, calcium binds to **oxalate** to prevent its absorption. 3. Since calcium is busy binding fats, **free oxalate** is absorbed in excess in the colon (Enteric Hyperoxaluria). 4. This leads to the formation of **calcium oxalate kidney stones**.

Flashcard 263: What is the most common ulcer complication (both gastric and duodenal)? _____

Answer: Haemorrhage

Flashcard 264: Folate is absorbed in the _____ and stored in the liver for up to 3 months

Answer: jejunum

Flashcard 265: Screen for haemochromatosis if it is suspected or _____ relatives of hereditary haemochromatosis patients

Answer: first-degree

Flashcard 266: Haemochromatosis clasically presents with this triad (advanced): _____ Diabetes mellitus Bronze skin

Answer: Cirrhosis

Flashcard 267: What is a common cause of death in haemochromatosis? _____

Answer: Hepatocellular carcinoma

Flashcard 268: Co-prescribe long-term NSAIDs use with _____ to prevent peptic ulcers

Answer: PPI

Flashcard 269: Duodenal ulcers located in the _____ duodenum may rupture, leading to bleeding from the gastroduodenal artery

Answer: posterior

Flashcard 270: The common causes of cirrhosis in the UK are _____, viral hepatitis, & non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Answer: alcoholic cirrhosis