Gastroenterology & Hepatology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Gastroenterology & Hepatology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 251: Iron is absorbed in the _____ in the Fe2+ (ferrous) state
Answer: duodenum
Flashcard 252: Patients older than >60 yrs with iron deficiency anaemia should be _____ (gastroscopy and colonoscopy).
Answer: referred for urgent endoscopy
Extra: According to NICE guidelines, a 2-week wait (2WW) referral for urgent colonoscopy and gastroscopy is indicated for patients aged >60 with iron deficiency anaemia to rule out GI malignancy. FIT tests are typically used for screening or in patients without iron deficiency who have other vague symptoms.
Flashcard 253: _____ transplantation may be required in people with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia
Answer: Liver
Flashcard 254: What is the most common cause of iron deficiency in males aged 20-50?
_____
Answer: Peptic ulcer disease
Flashcard 255:
Rule out _____ in men or postmenopausal women with iron deficiency anaemia
Answer: gastrointestinal bleeding
Flashcard 256: _____lipidaemia is a well known cause of acute pancreatitis
Answer: Hyper
Flashcard 257: What is the most common cause of iron deficiency in the elderly (Western world)?
_____
Answer: Colorectal cancer / colon polyps
Flashcard 258: What is the most common source of significant intraabdominal bleeding in blunt abdominal trauma?
Answer: Spleen (Splenic rupture)
Extra: The liver is the second most commonly injured organ in blunt abdominal trauma, though some recent studies suggest it may be nearly equal in frequency to the spleen.
Flashcard 259: _____ is associated with calcium oxalate kidney stones
**bonus, why?
Answer: Crohn's disease
Extra: In Crohn's disease (especially with ileal involvement), bile acid malabsorption leads to fat malabsorption.
1. Unabsorbed fatty acids bind to **calcium** in the gut (saponification).
2. Normally, calcium binds to **oxalate** to prevent its absorption.
3. Since calcium is busy binding fats, **free oxalate** is absorbed in excess in the colon (Enteric Hyperoxaluria).
4. This leads to the formation of **calcium oxalate kidney stones**.
Flashcard 260: Screen for haemochromatosis if it is suspected or _____ relatives of hereditary haemochromatosis patients
Answer: first-degree
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