Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Toxicity — Flashcards

Flashcard 311: In organophosphorus poisoning, clinical signs and symptoms are observed when pseudocholinesterase level falls below _____% of normal.

Answer: 50

Flashcard 312: Which antimalarials are associated with bull's eye maculopathy?_____

Answer: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine

Flashcard 313: Intradural injections of which local anesthetics can cause paraplegia?_____

Answer: Chloroprocaine

Flashcard 314: Type _____ adverse drug reactions are based on the pharmacological properties of the drug

Answer: A (augmented)

Flashcard 315: Which vitamin can be used for prevention and treatment of lathyrism?_____

Answer: Vitamin C

Flashcard 316: Hippus is associated with _____ poisoning

Answer: aconite

Flashcard 317: CRAO can occur because of  _____ poisoning

Answer: cocaine

Flashcard 318: _____ is an approved intravenous drug for the treatment of methotrexate toxicity

Answer: Glucarpidase

Flashcard 319: What is the proposed mechanism of lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism?

Answer: 1. Raising the set-point of the **Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)** 2. Activation of the **Wnt/β-catenin pathway** (via inhibition of GSK3β)

Extra: Lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism leads to hypercalcemia and elevated PTH (mimicking primary hyperparathyroidism). Lithium reduces the sensitivity of the CaSR to calcium and inhibits Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), which stabilizes β-catenin and promotes parathyroid cell function via the Wnt pathway.

Flashcard 320: Which muscle relaxant is preferred in a patient of liver and kidney disease?_____

Answer: Atracurium/cis-atracurium