Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Toxicity — Flashcards

Flashcard 141: _____ use is associated with dilutional hyponatremia.

Answer: Chlorpropamide

Flashcard 142: The inhaled anesthetic _____ is most commonly associated with hepatotoxicity as an adverse effect

Answer: halothane

Flashcard 143: The treatment for barbiturate overdose is mainly _____ treatment, but excretion can be enhanced with urinary alkalinization

Answer: supportive

Flashcard 144: ACE inhibitors are contraindicated during _____ due to possible teratogenic effects

Answer: pregnancy

Flashcard 145: _____ diabetes insipidus may be caused by drugs such as lithium and demeclocycline

Answer: Nephrogenic

Flashcard 146: Sevelamer is used to treat _____ due to chronic kidney disease.

Answer: hyperphosphatemia

Flashcard 147: Amiodarone may act as a hapten resulting in _____ skin discoloration with photodermatitis

Answer: gray-blue

Flashcard 148: The H2 receptor antagonist _____ has many anti-androgenic effects (e.g. gynecomastia, impotence, elevated prolactin levels)

Answer: cimetidine

Flashcard 149: A common adverse effect associated with niacin is cutaneous _____ and warmth due to increased prostaglandin activity

Answer: flushing

Flashcard 150: _____ use/toxicity can cause ST depression ('scooped' appearance) and shortened QT interval; acute toxicity is associated with hyperkalemia.

Answer: Digoxin

Extra: Digoxin effect (therapeutic or chronic): 'Scooped' ST segment (Salvador Dali mustache), T-wave flattening/inversion, and shortened QT interval. Acute Digoxin toxicity: Hyperkalemia is a marker of severe toxicity and a predictor of mortality. Hyperkalemia itself causes peaked T waves.