Antimicrobial Agents — Flashcards

Flashcard 301: Pyrazinamide is activated to its active metabolite _____ in the host phagolysosome

Answer: pyrazinoic acid

Flashcard 302: 2nd generation cephalosporins have the same coverage as _____ generation cephalosporins with extended gram-negative coverage

Answer: 1st

Flashcard 303: The endonuclease inhibitor for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in adults is _____.

Answer: baloxavir marboxil

Flashcard 304: Which drug for COVID-19 acts by inhibiting 3CLpro?

Answer: Nirmatrelvir (often co-administered with ritonavir as Paxlovid)

Extra: Nirmatrelvir is a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), also known as 3C-like protease (3CLpro). Ritonavir is added to the formulation not for its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, but as a pharmacokinetic booster (it inhibits CYP3A to increase nirmatrelvir levels).

Flashcard 305: Which drugs for COVID-19 act by inhibiting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)?

Answer: Remdesivir, Molnupiravir, Favipiravir, and Ribavirin

Flashcard 306: Tenofovir + Lamivudine + _____ is the preferred regimen of choice for management of HIV-1 and Hep B coinfection

Answer: Dolutegravir

Flashcard 307: Candida krusei shows an intrinsic resistance to _____

Answer: fluconazole.

Flashcard 308: Which drug is useful in treating cases of angioinvasive aspergillosis that do not respond to Amphotericin B?_____

Answer: Caspofungin

Flashcard 309: Which covid-19 vaccine consists of whole-virion inactivated SARSCoV-2 antigen?_____

Answer: Covaxin

Flashcard 310: Which antimalarial drugs have high activity against gametocytes?_____

Answer: Artemisinins and Primaquine