Infectious Diseases — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: Kassowitz rule is related to _____ syphilis.

Answer: congenital

Flashcard 92: In the third stage of erythema infectiosum, also called as the _____ stage, the eruption may recur after exposure to heat when bathing, or sunlight or while crying

Answer: recurring

Flashcard 93: Toxoplasmosis in children may lead to _____ hydrocephalus

Answer: obstructive

Flashcard 94: The most common etiological agent, overall in the world, of acute epiglottitis in the pediatric age group, now is _____.

Answer: Streptococcus

Flashcard 95: Most frequently, the completely affected muscle in polio is _____

Answer: tibialis anterior

Flashcard 96: Infants may develop a symmetrical _____ type of Chik rash and acrocyanosis, when infected with chikungunya

Answer: vesiculobullous

Flashcard 97: An infant born to a mother who is newly identified as HIV-positive within _____ weeks of delivery should be considered as high risk.

Answer: 4

Extra: According to **NACO 2021 guidelines**, an infant is considered **high risk** for HIV transmission if: - Mother received ART for **< 4 weeks** before delivery. - Mother has a viral load **> 1,000 copies/mL** in the last trimester (or no VL available). - Mother was newly diagnosed with HIV during the breastfeeding period. **Management of High-Risk Infants:** - Dual prophylaxis with **Zidovudine (AZT) + Nevirapine (NVP)** for 6 weeks. - Followed by **Nevirapine** for an additional 6 weeks (Total 12 weeks). *Note: In older guidelines, 6 weeks was sometimes mentioned in relation to the duration of prophylaxis, but the current threshold for maternal ART duration is 4 weeks.*

Flashcard 98: _____ is associated with post-infectious thrombocytopenia

Answer: Rubella (RNA virus)

Flashcard 99: _____ is the initial investigation of choice in congenital syphilis

Answer: VDRL/RPR

Flashcard 100: Hennebert sign is seen in _____.

Answer: congenital syphilis